Metadata-Version: 2.4
Name: dependency-injector
Version: 4.49.0
Summary: Dependency injection framework for Python
Author-email: Roman Mogylatov <rmogilatov@gmail.com>
Maintainer-email: Roman Mogylatov <rmogilatov@gmail.com>
License: Copyright (c) 2024, Roman Mogylatov
        All rights reserved.
        
        Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
        modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
        
        * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
          list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
        
        * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
          this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
          and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
        
        * Neither the name of "Dependency Injector" nor the names of its
          contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
          this software without specific prior written permission.
        
        THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
        AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
        IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
        DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
        FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
        DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
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Project-URL: Homepage, https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector
Project-URL: Documentation, https://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/
Project-URL: Download, https://pypi.python.org/pypi/dependency_injector
Keywords: Dependency injection,DI,Inversion of Control,IoC,Factory,Singleton,Design patterns,Flask
Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License
Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.14
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: PyPy
Classifier: Framework :: AsyncIO
Classifier: Framework :: Bottle
Classifier: Framework :: Django
Classifier: Framework :: Flask
Classifier: Framework :: Pylons
Classifier: Framework :: Pyramid
Classifier: Framework :: Pytest
Classifier: Framework :: TurboGears
Classifier: Topic :: Software Development
Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries
Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules
Requires-Python: >=3.8
Description-Content-Type: text/x-rst
License-File: LICENSE.rst
Requires-Dist: typing-extensions; python_version < "3.13"
Provides-Extra: yaml
Requires-Dist: pyyaml; extra == "yaml"
Provides-Extra: pydantic
Requires-Dist: pydantic; extra == "pydantic"
Provides-Extra: pydantic2
Requires-Dist: pydantic-settings; extra == "pydantic2"
Provides-Extra: flask
Requires-Dist: flask; extra == "flask"
Provides-Extra: aiohttp
Requires-Dist: aiohttp; extra == "aiohttp"
Dynamic: license-file

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What is ``Dependency Injector``?
================================

``Dependency Injector`` is a dependency injection framework for Python.

It helps implement the dependency injection principle.

Key features of the ``Dependency Injector``:

- **Providers**. Provides ``Factory``, ``Singleton``, ``Callable``, ``Coroutine``, ``Object``,
  ``List``, ``Dict``, ``Configuration``, ``Resource``, ``Dependency``, and ``Selector`` providers
  that help assemble your objects.
  See `Providers <https://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/providers/index.html>`_.
- **Overriding**. Can override any provider by another provider on the fly. This helps in testing
  and configuring dev/stage environment to replace API clients with stubs etc. See
  `Provider overriding <https://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/providers/overriding.html>`_.
- **Configuration**. Reads configuration from ``yaml``, ``ini``, and ``json`` files, ``pydantic`` settings,
  environment variables, and dictionaries.
  See `Configuration provider <https://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/providers/configuration.html>`_.
- **Resources**. Helps with initialization and configuring of logging, event loop, thread
  or process pool, etc. Can be used for per-function execution scope in tandem with wiring.
  See `Resource provider <https://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/providers/resource.html>`_.
- **Containers**. Provides declarative and dynamic containers.
  See `Containers <https://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/containers/index.html>`_.
- **Wiring**. Injects dependencies into functions and methods. Helps integrate with
  other frameworks: Django, Flask, Aiohttp, Sanic, FastAPI, etc.
  See `Wiring <https://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/wiring.html>`_.
- **Asynchronous**. Supports asynchronous injections.
  See `Asynchronous injections <https://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/providers/async.html>`_.
- **Typing**. Provides typing stubs, ``mypy``-friendly.
  See `Typing and mypy <https://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/providers/typing_mypy.html>`_.
- **Performance**. Fast. Written in ``Cython``.
- **Maturity**. Mature and production-ready. Well-tested, documented, and supported.

.. code-block:: python

   from dependency_injector import containers, providers
   from dependency_injector.wiring import Provide, inject


   class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):

       config = providers.Configuration()

       api_client = providers.Singleton(
           ApiClient,
           api_key=config.api_key,
           timeout=config.timeout,
       )

       service = providers.Factory(
           Service,
           api_client=api_client,
       )


   @inject
   def main(service: Service = Provide[Container.service]) -> None:
       ...


   if __name__ == "__main__":
       container = Container()
       container.config.api_key.from_env("API_KEY", required=True)
       container.config.timeout.from_env("TIMEOUT", as_=int, default=5)
       container.wire(modules=[__name__])

       main()  # <-- dependency is injected automatically

       with container.api_client.override(mock.Mock()):
           main()  # <-- overridden dependency is injected automatically

When you call the ``main()`` function the ``Service`` dependency is assembled and injected automatically.

When you do testing, you call the ``container.api_client.override()`` method to replace the real API
client with a mock. When you call ``main()``, the mock is injected.

You can override any provider with another provider.

It also helps you in a re-configuring project for different environments: replace an API client
with a stub on the dev or stage.

With the ``Dependency Injector``, object assembling is consolidated in a container. Dependency injections are defined explicitly.
This makes it easier to understand and change how an application works.

.. figure:: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wiki/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/img/di-readme.svg
   :target: https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector

Visit the docs to know more about the
`Dependency injection and inversion of control in Python <https://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/introduction/di_in_python.html>`_.

Installation
------------

The package is available on the `PyPi`_::

    pip install dependency-injector

Documentation
-------------

The documentation is available `here <https://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/>`_.

Examples
--------

Choose one of the following:

- `Application example (single container) <https://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/examples/application-single-container.html>`_
- `Application example (multiple containers) <https://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/examples/application-multiple-containers.html>`_
- `Decoupled packages example (multiple containers) <https://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/examples/decoupled-packages.html>`_
- `Boto3 example <https://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/examples/boto3.html>`_
- `Django example <https://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/examples/django.html>`_
- `Flask example <https://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/examples/flask.html>`_
- `Aiohttp example <https://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/examples/aiohttp.html>`_
- `Sanic example <https://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/examples/sanic.html>`_
- `FastAPI example <https://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/examples/fastapi.html>`_
- `FastAPI + Redis example <https://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/examples/fastapi-redis.html>`_
- `FastAPI + SQLAlchemy example <https://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/examples/fastapi-sqlalchemy.html>`_

Tutorials
---------

Choose one of the following:

- `Flask web application tutorial <https://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/tutorials/flask.html>`_
- `Aiohttp REST API tutorial <https://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/tutorials/aiohttp.html>`_
- `Asyncio monitoring daemon tutorial <https://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/tutorials/asyncio-daemon.html>`_
- `CLI application tutorial <https://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/tutorials/cli.html>`_

Concept
-------

The framework stands on the `PEP20 (The Zen of Python) <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0020/>`_ principle:

.. code-block:: bash

   Explicit is better than implicit

You need to specify how to assemble and where to inject the dependencies explicitly.

The power of the framework is in its simplicity.
``Dependency Injector`` is a simple tool for the powerful concept.

Frequently asked questions
--------------------------

What is dependency injection?
 - dependency injection is a principle that decreases coupling and increases cohesion

Why should I do the dependency injection?
 - your code becomes more flexible, testable, and clear 😎

How do I start applying the dependency injection?
 - you start writing the code following the dependency injection principle
 - you register all of your application components and their dependencies in the container
 - when you need a component, you specify where to inject it or get it from the container

What price do I pay and what do I get?
 - you need to explicitly specify the dependencies
 - it will be extra work in the beginning
 - it will payoff as project grows

Have a question?
 - Open a `Github Issue <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/issues>`_

Found a bug?
 - Open a `Github Issue <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/issues>`_

Want to help?
 - |star| Star the ``Dependency Injector`` on the `Github <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/>`_
 - |new| Start a new project with the ``Dependency Injector``
 - |tell| Tell your friend about the ``Dependency Injector``

Want to contribute?
 - |fork| Fork the project
 - |pull| Open a pull request to the ``develop`` branch

.. _PyPi: https://pypi.org/project/dependency-injector/

.. |star| unicode:: U+2B50 U+FE0F .. star sign1
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