# ISO 3166-1

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ISO 3166-1 is part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), and defines codes for the names of countries, dependent territories, and special areas of geographical interest. The official name of the standard is Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions – Part 1: Country codes. It defines three sets of country codes:[1]

- ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 – two-letter country codes which are the most widely used of the three[citation needed], and used most prominently for the Internet's country code top-level domains (with a few exceptions).
- ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 – three-letter country codes which allow a better visual association between the codes and the country names than the alpha-2 codes.
- ISO 3166-1 numeric – three-digit country codes which are identical to those developed and maintained by the United Nations Statistics Division, with the advantage of script (writing system) independence, and hence useful for people or systems using non-Latin scripts.

The alphabetic country codes were first included in ISO 3166 in 1974, and the numeric country codes were first included in 1981. The country codes have been published as ISO 3166-1 since 1997, when ISO 3166 was expanded into three parts, with ISO 3166-2 defining codes for subdivisions and ISO 3166-3 defining codes for former countries.[2]

As a widely used international standard, ISO 3166-1 is implemented in other standards and used by international organizations[3] to allow facilitation of the exchange of goods and information.[4] However, it is not the only standard for country codes. Other country codes used by many international organizations are partly or totally incompatible with ISO 3166-1,[5] although some of them closely correspond to ISO 3166-1 codes.

## Criteria for inclusion[edit]

Currently 249 countries, territories, or areas of geographical interest are assigned official codes in ISO 3166-1. According to the ISO 3166 Maintenance Agency (ISO 3166/MA), the only way to enter a new country name into ISO 3166-1 is to have it registered in one of the following two sources:[6]

- United Nations Terminology Bulletin Country Names, or
- Country and Region Codes for Statistical Use of the UN Statistics Division.

To be listed in the bulletin Country Names, a country must be at least one of the following:[7]

- A member state of the United Nations
- A member of one of its specialized agencies
- A party to the Statute of the International Court of Justice

The list of names in Country and Region Codes for Statistical Use of the UN Statistics Division is based on the bulletin Country Names and other UN sources.

Once a country name or territory name appears in either of these two sources, it will be added to ISO 3166-1 by default.

The ISO 3166/MA may reserve code elements for other entities that do not qualify for inclusion based on the above criteria.[8] For example, because the European Union is not a country, it is not formally included in ISO 3166-1, but for practical reasons, the ISO 3166/MA has "reserved the two-letter combination EU for the purpose of identifying the European Union within the framework of ISO 3166-1".[9]

## Naming and code construction[edit]

The International Organization for Standardization uses the country names chosen by the United Nations, some of which are disputed.

The country names used in ISO 3166-1 are taken from the two UN sources mentioned above. Some country names used by the UN, and accordingly by ISO, are subject to dispute:

- The Republic of Macedonia is listed as "Macedonia, the former Yugoslav Republic of" because of the Macedonia naming dispute, following the provisional reference used by the United Nations.
- Taiwan is listed as non-independent "Taiwan, Province of China" or "Taiwan (Province of China)" as the lower-case short name, with "Taiwan" as the local short name acknowledged,[10] because of its political status within the United Nations.[9] In 2007, the Republic of China filed a lawsuit before a Swiss civil court against the ISO, arguing that the ISO's use of the UN name rather than "Republic of China (Taiwan)" violates Taiwan's name rights.[11] On 9 September 2010, a panel of the Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland decided, by three votes to two, to dismiss the suit as presenting a political question not subject to Swiss civil jurisdiction.[12][13][14]
- Following the recognition of Palestine as a non-member UN state in 2012, the official designation used in ISO 3166-1 was changed from "Palestinian Territory, Occupied" to "Palestine, State of",[15] with a remark noting conventional names but still not considered an independent sovereign state in ISO 3166.[16]

The codes are chosen, according to the ISO 3166/MA, "to reflect the significant, unique component of the country name in order to allow a visual association between country name and country code".[9] For this reason, common components of country names like "Republic", "Kingdom", "United", "Federal" or "Democratic" are normally not used for deriving the code elements. As a consequence, for example, the United Kingdom is officially assigned the alpha-2 code GB rather than UK, based on its official name "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland" (although UK is reserved on the request of the United Kingdom). Some codes are chosen based on the native names of the countries. For example, Germany is assigned the alpha-2 code DE, based on its native name "Deutschland".

## Information included[edit]

ISO 3166-1 is published officially in both English and French. Since the second edition of ISO 3166-1, the following columns are included for each entry:

1. Country Name – English (or French) short name (all upper-case)
2. English (or French) short name (upper/lower case)
3. English (or French) full name
4. Alpha-2 code
5. Alpha-3 code
6. Numeric code
7. Remarks
8. Independent (# denotes the country is considered a sovereign state)
9. Additional information: Administrative language(s) alpha-2 code element(s)
10. Additional information: Administrative language(s) alpha-3 code element(s)
11. Additional information: Local short name(s)

## Current codes[edit]

### Officially assigned code elements[edit]

The following is a complete ISO 3166-1 encoding list of the countries which are assigned official codes. It is listed in alphabetical order by the English short country name (upper/lower case) used by the ISO 3166/MA.[17]

Note: Each country's alpha-2 code is linked to more information about the assignment of its code elements.

English short name (upper/lower case) | Alpha-2 code | Alpha-3 code | Numeric code | Link to ISO 3166-2 subdivision codes
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Afghanistan | AF | AFG | 004 | ISO 3166-2:AF
Aland Islands !Åland Islands | AX | ALA | 248 | ISO 3166-2:AX
Albania | AL | ALB | 008 | ISO 3166-2:AL
Algeria | DZ | DZA | 012 | ISO 3166-2:DZ
American Samoa | AS | ASM | 016 | ISO 3166-2:AS
Andorra | AD | AND | 020 | ISO 3166-2:AD
Angola | AO | AGO | 024 | ISO 3166-2:AO
Anguilla | AI | AIA | 660 | ISO 3166-2:AI
Antarctica | AQ | ATA | 010 | ISO 3166-2:AQ
Antigua and Barbuda | AG | ATG | 028 | ISO 3166-2:AG
Argentina | AR | ARG | 032 | ISO 3166-2:AR
Armenia | AM | ARM | 051 | ISO 3166-2:AM
Aruba | AW | ABW | 533 | ISO 3166-2:AW
Australia | AU | AUS | 036 | ISO 3166-2:AU
Austria | AT | AUT | 040 | ISO 3166-2:AT
Azerbaijan | AZ | AZE | 031 | ISO 3166-2:AZ
Bahamas | BS | BHS | 044 | ISO 3166-2:BS
Bahrain | BH | BHR | 048 | ISO 3166-2:BH
Bangladesh | BD | BGD | 050 | ISO 3166-2:BD
Barbados | BB | BRB | 052 | ISO 3166-2:BB
Belarus | BY | BLR | 112 | ISO 3166-2:BY
Belgium | BE | BEL | 056 | ISO 3166-2:BE
Belize | BZ | BLZ | 084 | ISO 3166-2:BZ
Benin | BJ | BEN | 204 | ISO 3166-2:BJ
Bermuda | BM | BMU | 060 | ISO 3166-2:BM
Bhutan | BT | BTN | 064 | ISO 3166-2:BT
Bolivia (Plurinational State of) | BO | BOL | 068 | ISO 3166-2:BO
Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba | BQ | BES | 535 | ISO 3166-2:BQ
Bosnia and Herzegovina | BA | BIH | 070 | ISO 3166-2:BA
Botswana | BW | BWA | 072 | ISO 3166-2:BW
Bouvet Island | BV | BVT | 074 | ISO 3166-2:BV
Brazil | BR | BRA | 076 | ISO 3166-2:BR
British Indian Ocean Territory | IO | IOT | 086 | ISO 3166-2:IO
Brunei Darussalam | BN | BRN | 096 | ISO 3166-2:BN
Bulgaria | BG | BGR | 100 | ISO 3166-2:BG
Burkina Faso | BF | BFA | 854 | ISO 3166-2:BF
Burundi | BI | BDI | 108 | ISO 3166-2:BI
Cabo Verde | CV | CPV | 132 | ISO 3166-2:CV
Cambodia | KH | KHM | 116 | ISO 3166-2:KH
Cameroon | CM | CMR | 120 | ISO 3166-2:CM
Canada | CA | CAN | 124 | ISO 3166-2:CA
Cayman Islands | KY | CYM | 136 | ISO 3166-2:KY
Central African Republic | CF | CAF | 140 | ISO 3166-2:CF
Chad | TD | TCD | 148 | ISO 3166-2:TD
Chile | CL | CHL | 152 | ISO 3166-2:CL
China | CN | CHN | 156 | ISO 3166-2:CN
Christmas Island | CX | CXR | 162 | ISO 3166-2:CX
Cocos (Keeling) Islands | CC | CCK | 166 | ISO 3166-2:CC
Colombia | CO | COL | 170 | ISO 3166-2:CO
Comoros | KM | COM | 174 | ISO 3166-2:KM
Congo | CG | COG | 178 | ISO 3166-2:CG
Congo (Democratic Republic of the) | CD | COD | 180 | ISO 3166-2:CD
Cook Islands | CK | COK | 184 | ISO 3166-2:CK
Costa Rica | CR | CRI | 188 | ISO 3166-2:CR
Cote d'Ivoire !Côte d'Ivoire | CI | CIV | 384 | ISO 3166-2:CI
Croatia | HR | HRV | 191 | ISO 3166-2:HR
Cuba | CU | CUB | 192 | ISO 3166-2:CU
Curacao !Curaçao | CW | CUW | 531 | ISO 3166-2:CW
Cyprus | CY | CYP | 196 | ISO 3166-2:CY
Czech Republic | CZ | CZE | 203 | ISO 3166-2:CZ
Denmark | DK | DNK | 208 | ISO 3166-2:DK
Djibouti | DJ | DJI | 262 | ISO 3166-2:DJ
Dominica | DM | DMA | 212 | ISO 3166-2:DM
Dominican Republic | DO | DOM | 214 | ISO 3166-2:DO
Ecuador | EC | ECU | 218 | ISO 3166-2:EC
Egypt | EG | EGY | 818 | ISO 3166-2:EG
El Salvador | SV | SLV | 222 | ISO 3166-2:SV
Equatorial Guinea | GQ | GNQ | 226 | ISO 3166-2:GQ
Eritrea | ER | ERI | 232 | ISO 3166-2:ER
Estonia | EE | EST | 233 | ISO 3166-2:EE
Ethiopia | ET | ETH | 231 | ISO 3166-2:ET
Falkland Islands (Malvinas) | FK | FLK | 238 | ISO 3166-2:FK
Faroe Islands | FO | FRO | 234 | ISO 3166-2:FO
Fiji | FJ | FJI | 242 | ISO 3166-2:FJ
Finland | FI | FIN | 246 | ISO 3166-2:FI
France | FR | FRA | 250 | ISO 3166-2:FR
French Guiana | GF | GUF | 254 | ISO 3166-2:GF
French Polynesia | PF | PYF | 258 | ISO 3166-2:PF
French Southern Territories | TF | ATF | 260 | ISO 3166-2:TF
Gabon | GA | GAB | 266 | ISO 3166-2:GA
Gambia | GM | GMB | 270 | ISO 3166-2:GM
Georgia | GE | GEO | 268 | ISO 3166-2:GE
Germany | DE | DEU | 276 | ISO 3166-2:DE
Ghana | GH | GHA | 288 | ISO 3166-2:GH
Gibraltar | GI | GIB | 292 | ISO 3166-2:GI
Greece | GR | GRC | 300 | ISO 3166-2:GR
Greenland | GL | GRL | 304 | ISO 3166-2:GL
Grenada | GD | GRD | 308 | ISO 3166-2:GD
Guadeloupe | GP | GLP | 312 | ISO 3166-2:GP
Guam | GU | GUM | 316 | ISO 3166-2:GU
Guatemala | GT | GTM | 320 | ISO 3166-2:GT
Guernsey | GG | GGY | 831 | ISO 3166-2:GG
Guinea | GN | GIN | 324 | ISO 3166-2:GN
Guinea-Bissau | GW | GNB | 624 | ISO 3166-2:GW
Guyana | GY | GUY | 328 | ISO 3166-2:GY
Haiti | HT | HTI | 332 | ISO 3166-2:HT
Heard Island and McDonald Islands | HM | HMD | 334 | ISO 3166-2:HM
Holy See | VA | VAT | 336 | ISO 3166-2:VA
Honduras | HN | HND | 340 | ISO 3166-2:HN
Hong Kong | HK | HKG | 344 | ISO 3166-2:HK
Hungary | HU | HUN | 348 | ISO 3166-2:HU
Iceland | IS | ISL | 352 | ISO 3166-2:IS
India | IN | IND | 356 | ISO 3166-2:IN
Indonesia | ID | IDN | 360 | ISO 3166-2:ID
Iran (Islamic Republic of) | IR | IRN | 364 | ISO 3166-2:IR
Iraq | IQ | IRQ | 368 | ISO 3166-2:IQ
Ireland | IE | IRL | 372 | ISO 3166-2:IE
Isle of Man | IM | IMN | 833 | ISO 3166-2:IM
Israel | IL | ISR | 376 | ISO 3166-2:IL
Italy | IT | ITA | 380 | ISO 3166-2:IT
Jamaica | JM | JAM | 388 | ISO 3166-2:JM
Japan | JP | JPN | 392 | ISO 3166-2:JP
Jersey | JE | JEY | 832 | ISO 3166-2:JE
Jordan | JO | JOR | 400 | ISO 3166-2:JO
Kazakhstan | KZ | KAZ | 398 | ISO 3166-2:KZ
Kenya | KE | KEN | 404 | ISO 3166-2:KE
Kiribati | KI | KIR | 296 | ISO 3166-2:KI
Korea (Democratic People's Republic of) | KP | PRK | 408 | ISO 3166-2:KP
Korea (Republic of) | KR | KOR | 410 | ISO 3166-2:KR
Kuwait | KW | KWT | 414 | ISO 3166-2:KW
Kyrgyzstan | KG | KGZ | 417 | ISO 3166-2:KG
Lao People's Democratic Republic | LA | LAO | 418 | ISO 3166-2:LA
Latvia | LV | LVA | 428 | ISO 3166-2:LV
Lebanon | LB | LBN | 422 | ISO 3166-2:LB
Lesotho | LS | LSO | 426 | ISO 3166-2:LS
Liberia | LR | LBR | 430 | ISO 3166-2:LR
Libya | LY | LBY | 434 | ISO 3166-2:LY
Liechtenstein | LI | LIE | 438 | ISO 3166-2:LI
Lithuania | LT | LTU | 440 | ISO 3166-2:LT
Luxembourg | LU | LUX | 442 | ISO 3166-2:LU
Macao | MO | MAC | 446 | ISO 3166-2:MO
Macedonia (the former Yugoslav Republic of) | MK | MKD | 807 | ISO 3166-2:MK
Madagascar | MG | MDG | 450 | ISO 3166-2:MG
Malawi | MW | MWI | 454 | ISO 3166-2:MW
Malaysia | MY | MYS | 458 | ISO 3166-2:MY
Maldives | MV | MDV | 462 | ISO 3166-2:MV
Mali | ML | MLI | 466 | ISO 3166-2:ML
Malta | MT | MLT | 470 | ISO 3166-2:MT
Marshall Islands | MH | MHL | 584 | ISO 3166-2:MH
Martinique | MQ | MTQ | 474 | ISO 3166-2:MQ
Mauritania | MR | MRT | 478 | ISO 3166-2:MR
Mauritius | MU | MUS | 480 | ISO 3166-2:MU
Mayotte | YT | MYT | 175 | ISO 3166-2:YT
Mexico | MX | MEX | 484 | ISO 3166-2:MX
Micronesia (Federated States of) | FM | FSM | 583 | ISO 3166-2:FM
Moldova (Republic of) | MD | MDA | 498 | ISO 3166-2:MD
Monaco | MC | MCO | 492 | ISO 3166-2:MC
Mongolia | MN | MNG | 496 | ISO 3166-2:MN
Montenegro | ME | MNE | 499 | ISO 3166-2:ME
Montserrat | MS | MSR | 500 | ISO 3166-2:MS
Morocco | MA | MAR | 504 | ISO 3166-2:MA
Mozambique | MZ | MOZ | 508 | ISO 3166-2:MZ
Myanmar | MM | MMR | 104 | ISO 3166-2:MM
Namibia | NA | NAM | 516 | ISO 3166-2:NA
Nauru | NR | NRU | 520 | ISO 3166-2:NR
Nepal | NP | NPL | 524 | ISO 3166-2:NP
Netherlands | NL | NLD | 528 | ISO 3166-2:NL
New Caledonia | NC | NCL | 540 | ISO 3166-2:NC
New Zealand | NZ | NZL | 554 | ISO 3166-2:NZ
Nicaragua | NI | NIC | 558 | ISO 3166-2:NI
Niger | NE | NER | 562 | ISO 3166-2:NE
Nigeria | NG | NGA | 566 | ISO 3166-2:NG
Niue | NU | NIU | 570 | ISO 3166-2:NU
Norfolk Island | NF | NFK | 574 | ISO 3166-2:NF
Northern Mariana Islands | MP | MNP | 580 | ISO 3166-2:MP
Norway | NO | NOR | 578 | ISO 3166-2:NO
Oman | OM | OMN | 512 | ISO 3166-2:OM
Pakistan | PK | PAK | 586 | ISO 3166-2:PK
Palau | PW | PLW | 585 | ISO 3166-2:PW
Palestine, State of | PS | PSE | 275 | ISO 3166-2:PS
Panama | PA | PAN | 591 | ISO 3166-2:PA
Papua New Guinea | PG | PNG | 598 | ISO 3166-2:PG
Paraguay | PY | PRY | 600 | ISO 3166-2:PY
Peru | PE | PER | 604 | ISO 3166-2:PE
Philippines | PH | PHL | 608 | ISO 3166-2:PH
Pitcairn | PN | PCN | 612 | ISO 3166-2:PN
Poland | PL | POL | 616 | ISO 3166-2:PL
Portugal | PT | PRT | 620 | ISO 3166-2:PT
Puerto Rico | PR | PRI | 630 | ISO 3166-2:PR
Qatar | QA | QAT | 634 | ISO 3166-2:QA
Reunion !Réunion | RE | REU | 638 | ISO 3166-2:RE
Romania | RO | ROU | 642 | ISO 3166-2:RO
Russian Federation | RU | RUS | 643 | ISO 3166-2:RU
Rwanda | RW | RWA | 646 | ISO 3166-2:RW
Saint Barthelemy !Saint Barthélemy | BL | BLM | 652 | ISO 3166-2:BL
Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha | SH | SHN | 654 | ISO 3166-2:SH
Saint Kitts and Nevis | KN | KNA | 659 | ISO 3166-2:KN
Saint Lucia | LC | LCA | 662 | ISO 3166-2:LC
Saint Martin (French part) | MF | MAF | 663 | ISO 3166-2:MF
Saint Pierre and Miquelon | PM | SPM | 666 | ISO 3166-2:PM
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | VC | VCT | 670 | ISO 3166-2:VC
Samoa | WS | WSM | 882 | ISO 3166-2:WS
San Marino | SM | SMR | 674 | ISO 3166-2:SM
Sao Tome and Principe | ST | STP | 678 | ISO 3166-2:ST
Saudi Arabia | SA | SAU | 682 | ISO 3166-2:SA
Senegal | SN | SEN | 686 | ISO 3166-2:SN
Serbia | RS | SRB | 688 | ISO 3166-2:RS
Seychelles | SC | SYC | 690 | ISO 3166-2:SC
Sierra Leone | SL | SLE | 694 | ISO 3166-2:SL
Singapore | SG | SGP | 702 | ISO 3166-2:SG
Sint Maarten (Dutch part) | SX | SXM | 534 | ISO 3166-2:SX
Slovakia | SK | SVK | 703 | ISO 3166-2:SK
Slovenia | SI | SVN | 705 | ISO 3166-2:SI
Solomon Islands | SB | SLB | 090 | ISO 3166-2:SB
Somalia | SO | SOM | 706 | ISO 3166-2:SO
South Africa | ZA | ZAF | 710 | ISO 3166-2:ZA
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands | GS | SGS | 239 | ISO 3166-2:GS
South Sudan | SS | SSD | 728 | ISO 3166-2:SS
Spain | ES | ESP | 724 | ISO 3166-2:ES
Sri Lanka | LK | LKA | 144 | ISO 3166-2:LK
Sudan | SD | SDN | 729 | ISO 3166-2:SD
Suriname | SR | SUR | 740 | ISO 3166-2:SR
Svalbard and Jan Mayen | SJ | SJM | 744 | ISO 3166-2:SJ
Swaziland | SZ | SWZ | 748 | ISO 3166-2:SZ
Sweden | SE | SWE | 752 | ISO 3166-2:SE
Switzerland | CH | CHE | 756 | ISO 3166-2:CH
Syrian Arab Republic | SY | SYR | 760 | ISO 3166-2:SY
Taiwan, Province of China[a] | TW | TWN | 158 | ISO 3166-2:TW
Tajikistan | TJ | TJK | 762 | ISO 3166-2:TJ
Tanzania, United Republic of | TZ | TZA | 834 | ISO 3166-2:TZ
Thailand | TH | THA | 764 | ISO 3166-2:TH
Timor-Leste | TL | TLS | 626 | ISO 3166-2:TL
Togo | TG | TGO | 768 | ISO 3166-2:TG
Tokelau | TK | TKL | 772 | ISO 3166-2:TK
Tonga | TO | TON | 776 | ISO 3166-2:TO
Trinidad and Tobago | TT | TTO | 780 | ISO 3166-2:TT
Tunisia | TN | TUN | 788 | ISO 3166-2:TN
Turkey | TR | TUR | 792 | ISO 3166-2:TR
Turkmenistan | TM | TKM | 795 | ISO 3166-2:TM
Turks and Caicos Islands | TC | TCA | 796 | ISO 3166-2:TC
Tuvalu | TV | TUV | 798 | ISO 3166-2:TV
Uganda | UG | UGA | 800 | ISO 3166-2:UG
Ukraine | UA | UKR | 804 | ISO 3166-2:UA
United Arab Emirates | AE | ARE | 784 | ISO 3166-2:AE
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | GB | GBR | 826 | ISO 3166-2:GB
United States of America | US | USA | 840 | ISO 3166-2:US
United States Minor Outlying Islands | UM | UMI | 581 | ISO 3166-2:UM
Uruguay | UY | URY | 858 | ISO 3166-2:UY
Uzbekistan | UZ | UZB | 860 | ISO 3166-2:UZ
Vanuatu | VU | VUT | 548 | ISO 3166-2:VU
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) | VE | VEN | 862 | ISO 3166-2:VE
Viet Nam | VN | VNM | 704 | ISO 3166-2:VN
Virgin Islands (British) | VG | VGB | 092 | ISO 3166-2:VG
Virgin Islands (U.S.) | VI | VIR | 850 | ISO 3166-2:VI
Wallis and Futuna | WF | WLF | 876 | ISO 3166-2:WF
Western Sahara | EH | ESH | 732 | ISO 3166-2:EH
Yemen | YE | YEM | 887 | ISO 3166-2:YE
Zambia | ZM | ZMB | 894 | ISO 3166-2:ZM
Zimbabwe | ZW | ZWE | 716 | ISO 3166-2:ZW

### Reserved and user-assigned code elements[edit]

Besides the officially assigned codes, code elements may be expanded by using either reserved codes or user-assigned codes.[18]

Reserved code elements are codes which have become obsolete, or are required in order to enable a particular user application of the standard but do not qualify for inclusion in ISO 3166-1. To avoid transitional application problems and to aid users who require specific additional code elements for the functioning of their coding systems, the ISO 3166/MA, when justified, reserves these codes which it undertakes not to use for other than specified purposes during a limited or indeterminate period of time. Codes are usually reserved for former countries, overseas territories, international organizations, and special nationality status. The reserved alpha-2 and alpha-3 codes can be divided into the following four categories (click on the links for the reserved codes of each category):

- Alpha-2: exceptional reservations, transitional reservations, indeterminate reservations, and codes currently agreed not to use
- Alpha-3: exceptional reservations, transitional reservations, indeterminate reservations, and codes currently agreed not to use
- Numeric: no reserved codes

User-assigned code elements are codes at the disposal of users who need to add further names of countries, territories, or other geographical entities to their in-house application of ISO 3166-1, and the ISO 3166/MA will never use these codes in the updating process of the standard. The following codes can be user-assigned:[19]

- Alpha-2: AA, QM to QZ, XA to XZ, and ZZ
- Alpha-3: AAA to AAZ, QMA to QZZ, XAA to XZZ, and ZZA to ZZZ
- Numeric: 900 to 999

## Changes[edit]

The ISO 3166/MA updates ISO 3166-1 when necessary. A country is usually assigned new ISO 3166-1 codes if it changes its name or its territorial boundaries. In general, new alphabetic codes are assigned if a country changes a significant part of its name, while a new numeric code is assigned if a country changes its territorial boundaries. Codes for formerly used country names that were deleted from ISO 3166-1 are published in ISO 3166-3.

ISO used to announce changes in newsletters which updated the currently valid standard, and releasing new editions which comprise a consolidation of newsletter changes. As of July 2013, changes are published in the online catalogue of ISO only and no newsletters are published anymore. Past newsletters remain available on the ISO website.[20]

Edition/Newsletter | Date issued | Contents
--- | --- | ---
ISO 3166:1974 | 1974 | First edition of ISO 3166
ISO 3166:1981 | 1981 | Second edition of ISO 3166
ISO 3166:1988 | 1988-08-15 | Third edition of ISO 3166
ISO 3166:1994 | 1994-02-10 | Fourth edition of ISO 3166
ISO 3166-1:1997 | 1997-09-25 | First edition of ISO 3166-1 (ISO 3166 expanded into three parts)
Newsletter V-1 | 1998-02-05 | Change of official name (Samoa)
Newsletter V-2 | 1999-10-01 | Inclusion of new country name and code elements (Palestinian Territory, Occupied)
Newsletter V-3 | 2002-02-01 | Change of alpha-3 Code Element (Romania)
Newsletter V-4 | 2002-05-20 | Name changes (Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Fiji, Hong Kong, Kazakhstan, Kiribati, Macao, Niue, Somalia, Venezuela)
Newsletter V-5 | 2002-05-20 | Change of names and alphabetical code elements of East Timor
Newsletter V-6 | 2002-11-15 | Change of names of East Timor
Newsletter V-7 | 2003-01-14 | Change of official name of Comoros
Newsletter V-8 | 2003-07-23 | Deletion of "Yugoslavia"; inclusion of "Serbia and Montenegro" with new alphabetical code elements
Newsletter V-9 | 2004-02-13 | Inclusion of an entry for Åland Islands
Newsletter V-10 | 2004-04-26 | Name changes (Afghanistan, Åland Islands)
Newsletter V-11 | 2006-03-29 | Inclusion of an entry for Jersey, Guernsey and Isle of Man. Change of remark for the United Kingdom
Newsletter V-12 | 2006-09-26 | Inclusion of the new entries for "Serbia" and "Montenegro" (replacing Serbia and Montenegro)
ISO 3166-1:2006 | 2006-11-20 | Second edition of ISO 3166-1
ISO 3166-1:2006/ Cor 1:2007 | 2007-07-15 | First Technical Corrigendum to ISO 3166-1:2006
Newsletter VI-1 | 2007-09-21 | Assignment of code elements for Saint Barthélemy and Saint Martin and update of France and other French Territories (French Polynesia, French Southern Territories, Guadeloupe, Réunion)
Newsletter VI-2 | 2008-03-31 | Name changes for Moldova, Montenegro and other minor corrections (Madagascar, Palestinian Territory, Occupied, Saint Barthélemy)
Newsletter VI-3 | 2008-09-09 | Name change for Nepal and other minor corrections (Greenland, Guernsey, Moldova, Nigeria)
Newsletter VI-4 | 2009-01-07 | Name change for the Republic of Moldova and other minor corrections (Central African Republic, Comoros)
Newsletter VI-5 | 2009-03-03 | Name change for Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela and other minor corrections (Kiribati, Tuvalu)
Newsletter VI-6 | 2009-05-08 | Name change for Plurinational State of Bolivia
Newsletter VI-7 | 2010-02-22 | Name change for Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
Newsletter VI-8 | 2010-12-15 | Code elements for Bonaire, Saint Eustatius and Saba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten (Dutch part), update of other territories (Netherlands, Netherlands Antilles) and minor corrections (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia)
Newsletter VI-9 | 2011-06-12 (corrected 2011-07-14) | Name changes for Fiji and Myanmar as well as other minor corrections (Åland Islands, Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba, Bulgaria, Netherlands, Niue)
Newsletter VI-10 | 2011-08-09 | Code elements for South Sudan (and new numeric code for Sudan)
Newsletter VI-11 | 2011-11-08 | Name change for Libya
Newsletter VI-12 | 2012-02-15 | Name change for Hungary and other minor corrections (Bangladesh, Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba, Central African Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Germany)
Newsletter VI-13 | 2012-08-02 | Name change for Eritrea and other minor corrections (Germany, Sri Lanka)
Newsletter VI-14 | 2013-02-06 | Name change for State of Palestine and other minor corrections (Bulgaria, Bouvet Island, Jersey, Saint Martin (French part), Seychelles, Sint Maarten (Dutch part), Viet Nam)
Newsletter VI-15 | 2013-05-10 | Name change for Papua New Guinea
Newsletter VI-16 | 2013-07-11 | Name change for Somalia
ISO 3166-1:2013 | 2013-11-19 | Third edition of ISO 3166-1 (changes are published in the online catalogue of ISO only and no newsletters are published anymore)

## See also[edit]

- ISO 639 – Codes for the representation of names of languages

## Notes[edit]

1. Jump up ^ Taiwan is included as a subdivision of China because of its political status within the United Nations, as, even though it is de facto under the jurisdiction of the Republic of China instead of the People's Republic of China, the United Nations does not recognize the Republic of China and considers Taiwan as part of China. In ISO 3166-1, Taiwan is listed as "Taiwan, Province of China".

## References[edit]

1. Jump up ^ "ISO 3166 – FAQs – General questions". International Organization for Standardization (ISO).
2. Jump up ^ "Development of ISO 3166". ISO.
3. Jump up ^ "Implementation of ISO 3166-1". ISO.
4. Jump up ^ "You and ISO 3166". ISO.
5. Jump up ^ "Links". ISO.
6. Jump up ^ "ISO 3166-1 and ccTLDs". ISO.
7. Jump up ^ "Qualifying top-level domain strings: Eligible categories of top-level domains". Internet Assigned Numbers Authority. Retrieved February 25, 2014.
8. Jump up ^ "ISO 3166 – FAQs – General Questions". ISO. Archived from the original on 2007-03-06.
9. ^ Jump up to: a b c "ISO 3166 – FAQs – Specific". ISO. Archived from the original on 2012-06-16.
10. Jump up ^ "ISO 3166 information for TW". International Organization for Standardization. Retrieved February 25, 2014.
11. Jump up ^ "Taiwan sues ISO over incorrect reference". Taipei Representative Office in the UK.
12. Jump up ^ Felber, René (10 September 2010). "Umweg über Zivilrichter unzulässig: Taiwans Kampf um seinen Namen". Neue Zürcher Zeitung (in German). p. 14.
13. Jump up ^ "Urteil vom 9. September 2010 (5A_329/2009)" [Decision of 9 September 2010 (5A_329/2009)] (PDF) (in German). Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland.
14. Jump up ^ "Arrêt du 9 septembre 2010 (5A_329/2009)" [Decision of 9 September 2010 (5A_329/2009)] (PDF) (in French). Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland.
15. Jump up ^ "Countries or areas, codes and abbreviations". United Nations Statistics Division.
16. Jump up ^ "ISO 3166 information for PS". International Organization for Standardization. Retrieved April 3, 2014.
17. Jump up ^ "Country names and code elements". ISO. – Note: The source actually shows only the "Country Name" element, in all upper-case. The table here has been upper/lower-cased per Wikipedia standards, but should closely resemble the upper/lower-case elements that are not freely available from the ISO.
18. Jump up ^ "Customizing ISO 3166-1". ISO.
19. Jump up ^ "ISO 3166 – FAQs – General Questions". ISO. Archived from the original on 2007-03-06.
20. Jump up ^ "Updates on ISO 3166". ISO.

## Sources and external links[edit]

- ISO 3166 Maintenance Agency, International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
  - Country names and code elements — list of alpha-2 codes
- Standard Country or Area Codes for Statistical Use, United Nations Statistics Division
  - Countries or areas, codes and abbreviations — list of alpha-3 and numeric codes (a few territories officially assigned codes in ISO 3166-1 are not included in this list)
- The World Factbook (public domain), Central Intelligence Agency
  - Appendix D – Cross-Reference List of Country Data Codes — comparison of FIPS 10, ISO 3166, and STANAG 1059 country codes
- Administrative Divisions of Countries ("Statoids"), Statoids.com
  - Country codes — comparison of ISO 3166-1 country codes with other country codes

[hide] ISO 3166 codes for the names of countries and their subdivisions
ISO codes for the names of countries and their (administrative) subdivisions
ISO 3166-1 country codes | alpha-2 alpha-3 numeric
ISO 3166-2 country subdivision codes |
AD AE AF AG AI AL AM AO AQ AR AS AT AU AW AX AZ BA BB BD BE BF BG BH BI BJ BL BM BN BO BQ BR BS BT BV BW BY BZ CA CC CD CF CG CH CI CK CL CM CN CO CR CU CV CW CX CY CZ DE DJ DK DM DO DZ EC EE EG EH ER ES ET FI FJ FK FM FO FR GA GB GD GE GF GG GH GI GL GM GN GP GQ GR GS GT GU GW GY HK HM HN HR HT HU ID IE IL IM IN IO IQ IR IS IT JE JM JO JP KE KG KH KI KM KN KP KR KW KY KZ LA LB LC LI LK LR LS LT LU LV LY MA MC MD ME MF MG MH MK ML MM MN MO MP MQ MR MS MT MU MV MW MX MY MZ NA NC NE NF NG NI NL NO NP NR NU NZ OM PA PE PF PG PH PK PL PM PN PR PS PT PW PY QA RE RO RS RU RW SA SB SC SD SE SG SH SI SJ SK SL SM SN SO SR SS ST SV SX SY SZ TC TD TF TG TH TJ TK TLa TM TN TO TR TT TV TW TZ UA UG UM US UY UZ VA VC VE VG VI VN VU WF WS YE YT ZA ZM ZW
Deleted | AN CSb
ISO 3166-3 codes for former names of countries
a Changed from TP b Changed from YU

[show] ISO standards by standard number
List of ISO standards / ISO romanizations / IEC standards
1–9999 | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 16 31 -0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9 -10 -11 -12 -13 128 216 217 226 228 233 259 269 302 306 428 518 519 639 -1 -2 -3 -5 -6 646 690 732 764 843 898 965 1000 1004 1007 1073-1 1413 1538 1745 1989 2014 2015 2022 2047 2108 2145 2146 2240 2281 2709 2711 2788 2852 3029 3103 3166 -1 -2 -3 3297 3307 3602 3864 3901 3977 4031 4157 4217 4909 5218 5428 5775 5776 5800 5964 6166 6344 6346 6385 6425 6429 6438 6523 6709 7001 7002 7098 7185 7200 7498 7736 7810 7811 7812 7813 7816 8000 8178 8217 8571 8583 8601 8632 8652 8691 8807 8820-5 8859 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -8-I -9 -10 -11 -12 -13 -14 -15 -16 8879 9000/9001 9075 9126 9293 9241 9362 9407 9506 9529 9564 9594 9660 9897 9945 9984 9985 9995
10000–19999 | 10006 10116 10118-3 10160 10161 10165 10179 10206 10218 10303 -11 -21 -22 -28 -238 10383 10487 10585 10589 10646 10664 10746 10861 10957 10962 10967 11073 11170 11179 11404 11544 11783 11784 11785 11801 11898 11940 (-2) 11941 11941 (TR) 11992 12006 12182 12207 12234-2 13211 -1 -2 13216 13250 13399 13406-2 13407 13450 13485 13490 13567 13568 13584 13616 14000 14031 14224 14289 14396 14443 14496 -2 -3 -6 -10 -11 -12 -14 -17 -20 14644 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9 14649 14651 14698 -2 14750 14764 14882 14971 15022 15189 15288 15291 15292 15398 15408 15444 -3 15445 15438 15504 15511 15686 15693 15706 -2 15707 15897 15919 15924 15926 15926 WIP 15930 16023 16262 16612-2 16750 16949 (TS) 17024 17025 17203 17369 17799 18000 18004 18014 18245 18629 18916 19005 19011 19092 (-1 -2) 19114 19115 19125 19136 19439 19500 19501 19502 19503 19505 19506 19507 19508 19509 19510 19600 19752 19757 19770 19775-1 19794-5 19831
20000+ | 20000 20022 20121 21000 21047 21500 21827:2002 22000 23270 23271 23360 24517 24613 24617 24707 25178 25964 26000 26300 26324 27000 series 27000 27001:2005 27001:2013 27002 27003 27004 27005 27006 27007 27729 27799 28000 29110 29148 29199-2 29500 30170 31000 32000 38500 40500 42010 80000 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9 -10 -11 -12 -13 -14
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