Consider a multi-period workforce planning problem with multiple skill levels and task types. Over the planning horizon, decisions include hiring, firing, and training workers between adjacent skill levels; determining the workforce available by skill in each period; assigning worker-hours by skill to tasks; and using overtime, with the aim of meeting task demand using qualified skills. Assignments are limited by productive capacity (workforce × productivity) plus overtime, overtime per worker is capped, workforce evolves from the initial staff via hires/fires/training, hires and fires are bounded each period, total headcount is constrained by managerial span of control, and per-period spending (hiring, firing, training, regular wage, overtime) must respect a budget. The objective minimizes the total cost of hiring, firing, training, regular wages, and overtime over all periods.