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# `nautobot.apps.models`

Data model classes and utilities for app implementation.

## `nautobot.apps.models.AutoSlugField`

Bases: `AutoSlugField`

AutoSlugField

By default, sets editable=True, blank=True, max_length=100, overwrite_on_add=False, unique=True Required arguments: populate_from Specifies which field, list of fields, or model method the slug will be populated from.

    populate_from can traverse a ForeignKey relationship
    by using Django ORM syntax:
        populate_from = 'related_model__field'

Optional arguments:

separator Defines the used separator (default: '-')

overwrite If set to True, overwrites the slug on every save (default: False)

overwrite_on_add If set to True, overwrites the provided slug on initial creation (default: False)

slugify_function Defines the function which will be used to "slugify" a content (default: func:`~django.template.defaultfilters.slugify` )

It is possible to provide custom "slugify" function with the `slugify_function` function in a model class.

`slugify_function` function in a model class takes priority over `slugify_function` given as an argument to class:`~AutoSlugField`.

Example

.. code-block:: python # models.py

    from django.db import models
    from django_extensions.db.fields import AutoSlugField

    class MyModel(models.Model):
        def slugify_function(self, content):
            return content.replace('_', '-').lower()

        title = models.CharField(max_length=42)
        slug = AutoSlugField(populate_from='title')

Taken from django_extensions AutoSlugField Documentation.

### `get_slug_fields(model_instance, lookup_value)`

Workaround for https://github.com/django-extensions/django-extensions/issues/1713.

## `nautobot.apps.models.BaseManager`

Bases: `Manager`

Base manager class corresponding to BaseModel and RestrictedQuerySet.

Adds built-in natural key support, loosely based on `django-natural-keys`.

### `get_by_natural_key(*args)`

Return the object corresponding to the provided natural key.

Generic implementation that depends on the model being a BaseModel subclass or otherwise implementing our `natural_key_field_lookups` property API. Loosely based on implementation from `django-natural-keys`.

## `nautobot.apps.models.BaseModel`

Bases: `Model`

Base model class that all models should inherit from.

This abstract base provides globally common fields and functionality.

Here we define the primary key to be a UUID field and set its default to automatically generate a random UUID value. Note however, this does not operate in the same way as a traditional auto incrementing field for which the value is issued by the database upon initial insert. In the case of the UUID field, Django creates the value upon object instantiation. This means the canonical pattern in Django of checking `self.pk is None` to tell if an object has been created in the actual database does not work because the object will always have the value populated prior to being saved to the database for the first time. An alternate pattern of checking `not self.present_in_database` can be used for the same purpose in most cases.

### `composite_key` `property`

Automatic "slug" string derived from this model's natural key, suitable for use in URLs etc.

A less naïve implementation than django-natural-keys provides by default, based around URL percent-encoding.

### `natural_slug` `property`

Automatic "slug" string derived from this model's natural key. This differs from composite key in that it must be human-readable and comply with a very limited character set, and is therefore lossy. This value is not guaranteed to be unique although a best effort is made by appending a fragment of the primary key to the natural slug value.

### `present_in_database` `property`

True if the record exists in the database, False if it does not.

### `csv_natural_key_field_lookups()` `classmethod`

Override this method for models with Python `@property` as part of their `natural_key_field_names`.

Since CSV export for `natural_key_field_names` relies on database fields, you can override this method to provide custom handling for models with property-based natural keys.

### `get_absolute_url(api=False)`

Return the canonical URL for this object in either the UI or the REST API.

### `natural_key()`

Smarter default implementation of natural key construction.

1. Handles nullable foreign keys (https://github.com/wq/django-natural-keys/issues/18)
2. Handles variadic natural-keys (e.g. Location model - [name, parent__name, parent__parent__name, ...].)

### `natural_key_args_to_kwargs(args)` `classmethod`

Helper function to map a list of natural key field values to actual kwargs suitable for lookup and filtering.

Based on `django-natural-keys` `NaturalKeyQuerySet.natural_key_kwargs()` method.

### `natural_key_field_lookups()`

List of lookups (possibly including nested lookups for related models) that make up this model's natural key.

BaseModel provides a "smart" implementation that tries to determine this automatically, but you can also explicitly set `natural_key_field_names` on a given model subclass if desired.

This property is based on a consolidation of `django-natural-keys` `ForeignKeyModel.get_natural_key_info()`, `ForeignKeyModel.get_natural_key_def()`, and `ForeignKeyModel.get_natural_key_fields()`.

Unlike `get_natural_key_def()`, this doesn't auto-exclude all AutoField and BigAutoField fields, but instead explicitly discounts the `id` field (only) as a candidate.

### `validated_save(*args, **kwargs)`

Perform model validation during instance save.

This is a convenience method that first calls `self.full_clean()` and then `self.save()` which in effect enforces model validation prior to saving the instance, without having to manually make these calls seperately. This is a slight departure from Django norms, but is intended to offer an optional, simplified interface for performing this common workflow. The intended use is for user defined Jobs run via the `nautobot-server nbshell` command.

## `nautobot.apps.models.ChangeLoggedModel`

Bases: `Model`

An abstract model which adds fields to store the creation and last-updated times for an object. Both fields can be null to facilitate adding these fields to existing instances via a database migration.

### `get_changelog_url()`

Return the changelog URL for this object.

### `to_objectchange(action, *, related_object=None, object_data_extra=None, object_data_exclude=None)`

Return a new ObjectChange representing a change made to this object, or None if the object shouldn't be logged.

This will typically be called automatically by ChangeLoggingMiddleware.

## `nautobot.apps.models.CollateAsChar`

Bases: `Func`

Disregard localization by collating a field as a plain character string. Helpful for ensuring predictable ordering.

## `nautobot.apps.models.CompositeKeyQuerySetMixin`

Mixin to extend a base queryset class with support for filtering by `composite_key=...` as a virtual parameter.

Example:

    >>> Location.objects.last().composite_key
    'Durham;AMER'

Note that `Location.composite_key` is a `@property`, not a database field, and so would not normally be usable in a `QuerySet` query, but because `RestrictedQuerySet` inherits from this mixin, the following "just works":

    >>> Location.objects.get(composite_key="Durham;AMER")
    <Location: Durham>

This is a shorthand for what would otherwise be a multi-step process:

    >>> from nautobot.core.models.utils import deconstruct_composite_key
    >>> deconstruct_composite_key("Durham;AMER")
    ['Durham', 'AMER']
    >>> Location.natural_key_args_to_kwargs(['Durham', 'AMER'])
    {'name': 'Durham', 'parent__name': 'AMER'}
    >>> Location.objects.get(name="Durham", parent__name="AMER")
    <Location: Durham>

This works for QuerySet `filter()` and `exclude()` as well:

    >>> Location.objects.filter(composite_key='Durham;AMER')
    <LocationQuerySet [<Location: Durham>]>
    >>> Location.objects.exclude(composite_key='Durham;AMER')
    <LocationQuerySet [<Location: AMER>]>

`composite_key` can also be used in combination with other query parameters:

    >>> Location.objects.filter(composite_key='Durham;AMER', status__name='Planned')
    <LocationQuerySet []>

It will raise a ValueError if the deconstructed composite key collides with another query parameter:

    >>> Location.objects.filter(composite_key='Durham;AMER', name='Raleigh')
    ValueError: Conflicting values for key "name": ('Durham', 'Raleigh')

See also `BaseModel.composite_key` and `utils.construct_composite_key()`/`utils.deconstruct_composite_key()`.

### `exclude(*args, composite_key=None, **kwargs)`

Explicitly handle `exclude(composite_key="...")` by decomposing the composite-key into natural key parameters.

Counterpart to BaseModel.composite_key property.

### `filter(*args, composite_key=None, **kwargs)`

Explicitly handle `filter(composite_key="...")` by decomposing the composite-key into natural key parameters.

Counterpart to BaseModel.composite_key property.

### `split_composite_key_into_kwargs(composite_key=None, **kwargs)`

Helper method abstracting a common need from filter() and exclude().

Subclasses may need to call this directly if they also have special processing of other filter/exclude params.

## `nautobot.apps.models.ConfigContextModel`

Bases: `Model`, `ConfigContextSchemaValidationMixin`

A model which includes local configuration context data. This local data will override any inherited data from ConfigContexts.

### `get_config_context()`

Return the rendered configuration context for a device or VM.

## `nautobot.apps.models.ConfigContextSchemaValidationMixin`

Mixin that provides validation of config context data against a json schema.

## `nautobot.apps.models.ContactMixin`

Bases: `Model`

Abstract mixin for enabling Contact/Team association to a given model class.

## `nautobot.apps.models.ContentTypeRelatedQuerySet`

Bases: `RestrictedQuerySet`

### `get_for_model(model)`

Return all `self.model` instances assigned to the given model.

### `get_for_models(models_)`

Return all `self.model` instances assigned to the given `_models`.

## `nautobot.apps.models.CustomFieldModel`

Bases: `Model`

Abstract class for any model which may have custom fields associated with it.

### `cf` `property`

Convenience wrapper for custom field data.

### `custom_field_data` `property`

Legacy interface to raw custom field data

TODO(John): remove this entirely when the cf property is enhanced

### `get_computed_field(key, render=True)`

Get a computed field for this model, lookup via key. Returns the template of this field if render is False, otherwise returns the rendered value.

### `get_computed_fields(label_as_key=False, advanced_ui=None)`

Return a dictionary of all computed fields and their rendered values for this model. Keys are the `key` value of each field. If label_as_key is True, `label` values of each field are used as keys.

### `get_computed_fields_grouping(advanced_ui=None)`

Return a dictonary of computed fields grouped by the same grouping in the form { : [(cf1, ), (cf2, ), ...], ... : [(cf8, ), (cf9, ), ...], ... }

### `get_computed_fields_grouping_advanced()`

This method exists to help call get_computed_field_groupings() in templates where a function argument (advanced_ui) cannot be specified. Return a dictonary of computed fields grouped by the same grouping in the form { : [(cf1, ), (cf2, ), ...], ... : [(cf8, ), (cf9, ), ...], ... } which have advanced_ui set to True

### `get_computed_fields_grouping_basic()`

This method exists to help call get_computed_field_groupings() in templates where a function argument (advanced_ui) cannot be specified. Return a dictonary of computed fields grouped by the same grouping in the form { : [(cf1, ), (cf2, ), ...], ... : [(cf8, ), (cf9, ), ...], ... } which have advanced_ui set to False

### `get_custom_field_groupings(advanced_ui=None)`

Return a dictonary of custom fields grouped by the same grouping in the form { : [(cf1, ), (cf2, ), ...], ... : [(cf8, ), (cf9, ), ...], ... }

### `get_custom_field_groupings_advanced()`

This method exists to help call get_custom_field_groupings() in templates where a function argument (advanced_ui) cannot be specified. Return a dictonary of custom fields grouped by the same grouping in the form { : [(cf1, ), (cf2, ), ...], ... : [(cf8, ), (cf9, ), ...], ... } which have advanced_ui set to True

### `get_custom_field_groupings_basic()`

This method exists to help call get_custom_field_groupings() in templates where a function argument (advanced_ui) cannot be specified. Return a dictonary of custom fields grouped by the same grouping in the form { : [(cf1, ), (cf2, ), ...], ... : [(cf8, ), (cf9, ), ...], ... } which have advanced_ui set to False

### `get_custom_fields(advanced_ui=None)`

Return a dictionary of custom fields for a single object in the form {: value}.

### `get_custom_fields_advanced()`

This method exists to help call get_custom_fields() in templates where a function argument (advanced_ui) cannot be specified. Return a dictionary of custom fields for a single object in the form {: value} which have advanced_ui set to True

### `get_custom_fields_basic()`

This method exists to help call get_custom_fields() in templates where a function argument (advanced_ui) cannot be specified. Return a dictionary of custom fields for a single object in the form {: value} which have advanced_ui set to False

### `has_computed_fields(advanced_ui=None)`

Return a boolean indicating whether or not this content type has computed fields associated with it. This can also check whether the advanced_ui attribute is True or False for UI display purposes.

## `nautobot.apps.models.CustomValidator`

This class is used to register plugin custom model validators which act on specified models. It contains the clean method which is overridden by plugin authors to execute custom validation logic. Plugin authors must raise ValidationError within this method to trigger validation error messages which are propagated to the user. A convenience method `validation_error(<message>)` may be used for this purpose.

The `model` attribute on the class defines the model to which this validator is registered. It should be set as a string in the form `<app_label>.<model_name>`.

### `clean()`

Implement custom model validation in the standard Django clean method pattern. The model instance is accessed with the `object` key within `self.context`, e.g. `self.context['object']`. ValidationError must be raised to prevent saving model instance changes, and propagate messages to the user. For convenience, `self.validation_error(<message>)` may be called to raise a ValidationError.

### `validation_error(message)`

Convenience method for raising `django.core.exceptions.ValidationError` which is required in order to trigger validation error messages which are propagated to the user.

## `nautobot.apps.models.DynamicGroupMixin`

DEPRECATED - use DynamicGroupsModelMixin instead if you need to mark a model as supporting Dynamic Groups.

This is necessary because DynamicGroupMixin was incorrectly not implemented as a subclass of models.Model, and so it cannot properly implement Model behaviors like the `static_group_association_set` ReverseRelation. However, adding this inheritance to DynamicGroupMixin itself would negatively impact existing migrations. So unfortunately our best option is to deprecate this class and gradually convert core and app models alike to the new DynamicGroupsModelMixin in its place.

Adds `dynamic_groups` property to a model to facilitate reversing (cached) DynamicGroup membership.

If up-to-the-minute accuracy is necessary for your use case, it's up to you to call the `DynamicGroup.update_cached_members()` API on any relevant DynamicGroups before accessing this property.

Other related properties added by this mixin should be considered obsolete.

### `dynamic_groups` `property`

Return a queryset of (cached) `DynamicGroup` objects this instance is a member of.

### `dynamic_groups_cached` `property`

Deprecated - use `self.dynamic_groups` instead.

### `dynamic_groups_list` `property`

Deprecated - use `list(self.dynamic_groups)` instead.

### `dynamic_groups_list_cached` `property`

Deprecated - use `list(self.dynamic_groups)` instead.

### `get_dynamic_groups_url()`

Return the dynamic groups URL for a given instance.

## `nautobot.apps.models.DynamicGroupsModelMixin`

Bases: `DynamicGroupMixin`, `Model`

Add this to models to make them fully support Dynamic Groups.

## `nautobot.apps.models.EmptyGroupByJSONBAgg`

Bases: `JSONBAgg`

JSONBAgg is a builtin aggregation function which means it includes the use of a GROUP BY clause. When used as an annotation for collecting config context data objects, the GROUP BY is incorrect. This subclass overrides the Django ORM aggregation control to remove the GROUP BY.

## `nautobot.apps.models.EnhancedURLValidator`

Bases: `URLValidator`

Extends Django's built-in URLValidator to permit the use of hostnames with no domain extension and enforce allowed schemes specified in the configuration.

### `__getattribute__(name)`

Dynamically fetch schemes each time it's accessed.

## `nautobot.apps.models.ExclusionValidator`

Bases: `BaseValidator`

Ensure that a field's value is not equal to any of the specified values.

## `nautobot.apps.models.ForeignKeyLimitedByContentTypes`

Bases: `ForeignKeyWithAutoRelatedName`

An abstract model field that automatically restricts ForeignKey options based on content_types.

For instance, if the model "Role" contains two records: role_1 and role_2, role_1's content_types are set to "dcim.location" and "dcim.device" while the role_2's content_types are set to "circuit.circuit" and "dcim.location."

Then, for the field `role` on the Device model, role_1 is the only Role that is available, while role_1 & role_2 are both available for the Location model.

The limit_choices_to for the field are automatically derived from

- the content-type to which the field is attached (e.g. `dcim.device`)

### `formfield(**kwargs)`

Return a prepped formfield for use in model forms.

### `get_limit_choices_to()`

Limit this field to only objects which are assigned to this model's content-type.

Note that this is implemented via specifying `content_types__app_label=` and `content_types__model=` rather than via the more obvious `content_types=ContentType.objects.get_for_model(self.model)` because the latter approach would involve a database query, and in some cases (most notably FilterSet definition) this function is called before database migrations can be run.

## `nautobot.apps.models.ForeignKeyWithAutoRelatedName`

Bases: `ForeignKey`

Extend base ForeignKey functionality to create a smarter default `related_name`.

For example, "ip_addresses" instead of "ipaddress_set", "ipaddresss", or "ipam_ipaddress_related".

Primarily useful for cases of abstract base classes that define ForeignKeys, such as `nautobot.dcim.models.device_components.ComponentModel`.

## `nautobot.apps.models.JSONArrayField`

Bases: `JSONField`

An ArrayField implementation backed JSON storage. Replicates ArrayField's base field validation.

Supports choices in the base field.

### `deconstruct()`

Return enough information to recreate the field as a 4-tuple

- The name of the field on the model, if contribute_to_class() has been run.
- The import path of the field, including the class:e.g. django.db.models.IntegerField This should be the most portable version, so less specific may be better.
- A list of positional arguments.
- A dict of keyword arguments.

### `formfield(**kwargs)`

Return a django.forms.Field instance for this field.

### `get_prep_value(value)`

Perform preliminary non-db specific value checks and conversions.

### `run_validators(value)`

Runs all validators against `value` and raise ValidationError if necessary. Some validators can't be created at field initialization time.

### `to_python(value)`

Convert `value` into JSON, raising django.core.exceptions.ValidationError if the data can't be converted. Return the converted value.

### `validate(value, model_instance)`

Validate `value` and raise ValidationError if necessary.

### `value_to_string(obj)`

Return a string value of this field from the passed obj. This is used by the serialization framework.

## `nautobot.apps.models.JSONBAgg`

Bases: `Aggregate`

Like django.contrib.postgres.aggregates.JSONBAgg, but different.

1. Supports both Postgres (JSONB_AGG) and MySQL (JSON_ARRAYAGG)
2. Does not support `ordering` as JSON_ARRAYAGG does not guarantee ordering.

## `nautobot.apps.models.LaxURLField`

Bases: `URLField`

Like models.URLField, but using validators.EnhancedURLValidator and forms.LaxURLField.

## `nautobot.apps.models.NameColorContentTypesModel`

Bases: `ChangeLoggedModel`, `ContactMixin`, `CustomFieldModel`, `DynamicGroupsModelMixin`, `NotesMixin`, `RelationshipModel`, `SavedViewMixin`, `BaseModel`

This abstract base properties model contains fields and functionality that are shared amongst models that requires these fields: name, color, content_types and description.

## `nautobot.apps.models.NaturalOrderingField`

Bases: `CharField`

A field which stores a naturalized representation of its target field, to be used for ordering its parent model.

:param target_field: Name of the field of the parent model to be naturalized :param naturalize_function: The function used to generate a naturalized value (optional)

### `pre_save(model_instance, add)`

Generate a naturalized value from the target field

## `nautobot.apps.models.NotesMixin`

Adds a `notes` property that returns a queryset of `Notes` membership.

### `notes` `property`

Return a `Notes` queryset for this instance.

### `get_notes_url(api=False)`

Return the notes URL for a given instance.

## `nautobot.apps.models.OrganizationalModel`

Bases: `ChangeLoggedModel`, `ContactMixin`, `CustomFieldModel`, `DynamicGroupsModelMixin`, `NotesMixin`, `RelationshipModel`, `SavedViewMixin`, `BaseModel`

Base abstract model for all organizational models.

Organizational models aid the primary models by building structured relationships and logical groups, or categorizations. Organizational models do not typically represent concrete networking resources or assets, but rather they enable user specific use cases and metadata about network resources. Examples include Device Role, Rack Group, Status, Manufacturer, and Platform.

## `nautobot.apps.models.PrimaryModel`

Bases: `ChangeLoggedModel`, `ContactMixin`, `CustomFieldModel`, `DynamicGroupsModelMixin`, `NotesMixin`, `RelationshipModel`, `SavedViewMixin`, `BaseModel`

Base abstract model for all primary models.

A primary model is one which is materialistically relevant to the network datamodel. Such models form the basis of major elements of the data model, like Device, IP Address, Location, VLAN, Virtual Machine, etc. Primary models usually represent tangible or logical resources on the network, or within the organization.

## `nautobot.apps.models.RelationshipModel`

Bases: `Model`

Abstract class for any model which may have custom relationships associated with it.

### `get_relationships(include_hidden=False, advanced_ui=None)`

Return a dictionary of RelationshipAssociation querysets for all custom relationships

Returns:

Type | Description
--- | ---
`dict` | `{ "source": { <Relationship instance #1>: <RelationshipAssociation queryset #1>, <Relationship instance #2>: <RelationshipAssociation queryset #2>, }, "destination": { <Relationship instance #3>: <RelationshipAssociation queryset #3>, <Relationship instance #4>: <RelationshipAssociation queryset #4>, }, "peer": { <Relationship instance #5>: <RelationshipAssociation queryset #5>, <Relationship instance #6>: <RelationshipAssociation queryset #6>, }, }`

### `get_relationships_data(**kwargs)`

Return a dictionary of relationships with the label and the value or the queryset for each.

Used for rendering relationships in the UI; see nautobot/core/templates/inc/relationships_table_rows.html

Returns:

Type | Description
--- | ---
`dict` | `{ "source": { <Relationship instance #1>: { # one-to-one relationship that self is the source of "label": "...", "peer_type": <ContentType>, "has_many": False, "value": <model instance>, # single destination for this relationship "url": "...", }, <Relationship instance #2>: { # one-to-many or many-to-many relationship that self is a source for "label": "...", "peer_type": <ContentType>, "has_many": True, "value": None, "queryset": <RelationshipAssociation queryset #2> # set of destinations for the relationship }, }, "destination": { (same format as "source" dict - relationships that self is the destination of) }, "peer": { (same format as "source" dict - symmetric relationships that self is involved in) }, }`

### `get_relationships_data_advanced_fields()`

Same docstring as get_relationships_data() above except this only returns relationships where advanced_ui==True for displaying in the 'Advanced' tab on the object's page

### `get_relationships_data_basic_fields()`

Same docstring as get_relationships_data() above except this only returns relationships where advanced_ui==False for displaying in the main object detail tab on the object's page

### `get_relationships_with_related_objects(include_hidden=False, advanced_ui=None)`

Alternative version of get_relationships().

### `required_related_objects_errors(output_for='ui', initial_data=None, relationships_key_specified=False, instance=None)` `classmethod`

Parameters:

Name | Type | Description | Default
--- | --- | --- | ---
`output_for` | `str` | either "ui" or "api" depending on usage | `'ui'`
`initial_data` | `dict` | submitted form/serializer data to validate against | `None`
`relationships_key_specified` | `bool` | if the "relationships" key was provided or not | `False`
`instance` | `Optional[BaseModel]` | an optional model instance to validate against | `None`

Returns: (list[dict]): List of field error dicts if any are found

## `nautobot.apps.models.RestrictedQuerySet`

Bases: `CompositeKeyQuerySetMixin`, `QuerySet`

### `check_perms(user, *, instance=None, pk=None, action='view')`

Check whether the given user can perform the given action with regard to the given instance of this model.

Either instance or pk must be specified, but not both.

Parameters:

Name | Type | Description | Default
--- | --- | --- | ---
`user` | `User` | User instance | required
`instance` | `model` | Instance of this queryset's model to check, if pk is not provided | `None`
`pk` | `uuid` | Primary key of the desired instance to check for, if instance is not provided | `None`
`action` | `str` | The action which must be permitted (e.g. "view" for "dcim.view_location"); default is 'view' | `'view'`

Returns:

Type | Description
--- | ---
`bool` | Whether the action is permitted or not

### `distinct_values_list(*fields, flat=False, named=False)`

Wrapper for `QuerySet.values_list()` that adds the `distinct()` query to return a list of unique values.

Note

Uses `QuerySet.order_by()` to disable ordering, preventing unexpected behavior when using `values_list` described in the Django `distinct()` documentation at https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/stable/ref/models/querysets/#distinct

Parameters:

Name | Type | Description | Default
--- | --- | --- | ---
`*fields` | `str` | Optional positional arguments which specify field names. | `()`
`flat` | `bool` | Set to True to return a QuerySet of individual values instead of a QuerySet of tuples. Defaults to False. | `False`
`named` | `bool` | Set to True to return a QuerySet of namedtuples. Defaults to False. | `False`

Returns:

Type | Description
--- | ---
`QuerySet` | A QuerySet of tuples or, if `flat` is set to True, a queryset of individual values.

### `restrict(user, action='view')`

Filter the QuerySet to return only objects on which the specified user has been granted the specified permission.

:param user: User instance :param action: The action which must be permitted (e.g. "view" for "dcim.view_location"); default is 'view'

## `nautobot.apps.models.SavedViewMixin`

Bases: `Model`

Abstract mixin for enabling Saved View functionality to a given model class.

## `nautobot.apps.models.StatusField`

Bases: `ForeignKeyLimitedByContentTypes`

Model database field that automatically limits custom choices.

The limit_choices_to for the field are automatically derived from:

    - the content-type to which the field is attached (e.g. `dcim.device`)

### `contribute_to_class(cls, *args, **kwargs)`

Overload default so that we can assert that `.get_FOO_display` is attached to any model that is using a `StatusField`.

Using `.contribute_to_class()` is how field objects get added to the model at during the instance preparation. This is also where any custom model methods are hooked in. So in short this method asserts that any time a `StatusField` is added to a model, that model also gets a `.get_status_display()` and a `.get_status_color()` method without having to define it on the model yourself.

## `nautobot.apps.models.StatusModel`

Bases: `Model`

Deprecated abstract base class for any model which may have statuses.

Just directly include a StatusField instead for any new models.

## `nautobot.apps.models.TagsField`

Bases: `TaggableManager`

Override FormField method on taggit.managers.TaggableManager to match the Nautobot UI.

## `nautobot.apps.models.TagsManager`

Bases: `_TaggableManager`, `BaseManager`

Manager class for model 'tags' fields.

## `nautobot.apps.models.TreeManager`

Bases: `TreeManager`, `from_queryset(TreeQuerySet)`

Extend django-tree-queries' TreeManager to incorporate RestrictedQuerySet.

### `max_depth` `property`

Cacheable version of `TreeQuerySet.max_tree_depth()`.

Generally TreeManagers are persistent objects while TreeQuerySets are not, hence the difference in behavior.

## `nautobot.apps.models.TreeModel`

Bases: `TreeNode`

Nautobot-specific base class for models that exist in a self-referential tree.

### `display` `property`

By default, TreeModels display their full ancestry for clarity.

As this is an expensive thing to calculate, we cache it for a few seconds in the case of repeated lookups.

### `cacheable_descendants_pks(restrict_to_user=None, include_self=False)`

Cacheable version of descendants() method, with optional permissions restriction.

### `save(*args, **kwargs)`

On any change to the `parent` value, invalidate the `cached_descendants_pks` of our old and new ancestors.

## `nautobot.apps.models.TreeQuerySet`

Bases: `TreeQuerySet`, `RestrictedQuerySet`

Combine django-tree-queries' TreeQuerySet with our RestrictedQuerySet for permissions enforcement.

### `ancestors(of, *, include_self=False)`

Custom ancestors method for optimization purposes.

Dynamically computes ancestors either through the tree or through the `parent` foreign key depending on whether tree fields are present on `of`.

### `count()`

Custom count method for optimization purposes.

TreeQuerySet instances in Nautobot are by default with tree fields. So if somewhere tree fields aren't explicitly removed from the queryset and count is called, the whole tree is calculated. Since this is not needed, this implementation calls `without_tree_fields` before issuing the count query and `with_tree_fields` afterwards when applicable.

### `max_tree_depth()`

Get the maximum tree depth of any node in this queryset.

In most cases you should use TreeManager.max_depth instead as it's cached and this is not.

root - depth 0 \ branch - depth 1 \ leaf - depth 2

Note that a queryset with only root nodes will return zero, and an empty queryset will also return zero. This is probably a bug, we should really return -1 in the case of an empty queryset, but this is "working as implemented" and changing it would possibly be a breaking change at this point.

## `nautobot.apps.models.ValidRegexValidator`

Bases: `RegexValidator`

Checks that the value is a valid regular expression.

Don't confuse this with `RegexValidator`, which uses a regex to validate a value.

## `nautobot.apps.models.VarbinaryIPField`

Bases: `BinaryField`

IP network address

### `db_type(connection)`

Returns the correct field type for a given database vendor.

### `from_db_value(value, expression, connection)`

Converts DB (varbinary) to Python (str).

### `get_db_prep_value(value, connection, prepared=False)`

Converts Python (str) to DB (varbinary).

### `to_python(value)`

Converts `value` to Python (str).

### `value_to_string(obj)`

IPField is serialized as str(IPAddress())

## `nautobot.apps.models.array_to_string(array)`

Generate an efficient, human-friendly string from a set of integers. Intended for use with ArrayField. For example: [0, 1, 2, 10, 14, 15, 16] => "0-2, 10, 14-16"

## `nautobot.apps.models.construct_composite_key(values)`

Convert the given list of natural key values to a single URL-path-usable string.

- Non-URL-safe characters are percent-encoded.
- Null (`None`) values are percent-encoded as a literal null character `%00`.

Reversible by `deconstruct_composite_key()`.

## `nautobot.apps.models.construct_natural_slug(values, pk=None)`

Convert the given list of natural key `values` to a single human-readable string.

If `pk` is provided, it will be appended to the end of the natural slug. If the PK is a UUID, only the first four characters will be appended.

A third-party lossy `slugify()` function is used to convert each natural key value to a slug, and then they are joined with an underscore.

- Spaces or repeated dashes are converted to single dashes.
- Accents and ligatures from Unicode characters are reduced to ASCII.
- Remove remaining characters that are not alphanumerics, underscores, or hyphens.
- Converted to lowercase.
- Strips leading/trailing whitespace, dashes, and underscores.
- Each natural key value in the list is separated by underscores.
- Emojis will be converted to their registered name.

This value is not reversible, is lossy, and is not guaranteed to be unique.

## `nautobot.apps.models.count_related(model, field, *, filter_dict=None, manager_name='objects', distinct=False)`

Return a Subquery suitable for annotating a child object count.

Parameters:

Name | Type | Description | Default
--- | --- | --- | ---
`model` | `Model` | The related model to aggregate | required
`field` | `str` | The field on the related model which points back to the OuterRef model | required
`filter_dict` | `dict` | Optional dict of filter key/value pairs to limit the Subquery | `None`
`manager_name` | `str` | Name of the manager on the model to use | `'objects'`

## `nautobot.apps.models.deconstruct_composite_key(composite_key)`

Convert the given composite-key string back to a list of distinct values.

- Percent-encoded characters are converted back to their raw values
- Single literal null characters `%00` are converted back to a Python `None`.

Inverse operation of `construct_composite_key()`.

## `nautobot.apps.models.extras_features(*features)`

Decorator used to register extras provided features to a model

## `nautobot.apps.models.find_models_with_matching_fields(app_models, field_names=None, field_attributes=None, additional_constraints=None)`

Find all models that have fields with the specified names and satisfy the additional constraints, and return them grouped by app.

Parameters:

Name | Type | Description | Default
--- | --- | --- | ---
`app_models` | `list[BaseModel]` | A list of model classes to search through. | required
`field_names` | `list[str]` | A list of names of fields that must be present in order for the model to be considered | `None`
`field_attributes` | `dict` | Optional dictionary of attributes to filter the fields by. | `None`
`additional_constraints` | `dict` | Optional dictionary of `{field: value}` to further filter the models by. | `None`

Return

(dict): A dictionary where the keys are app labels and the values are sets of model names.

## `nautobot.apps.models.get_all_concrete_models(base_class)`

Get a list of all non-abstract models that inherit from the given base_class.

## `nautobot.apps.models.get_default_namespace()`

Return the Global namespace.

## `nautobot.apps.models.get_default_namespace_pk()`

Return the PK of the Global namespace for use in default value for foreign keys.

## `nautobot.apps.models.is_taggable(obj)`

Return True if the instance can have Tags assigned to it; False otherwise.

## `nautobot.apps.models.naturalize(value, max_length, integer_places=8)`

Take an alphanumeric string and prepend all integers to `integer_places` places to ensure the strings are ordered naturally. For example:

    location9router21
    location10router4
    location10router19

becomes:

    location00000009router00000021
    location00000010router00000004
    location00000010router00000019

:param value: The value to be naturalized :param max_length: The maximum length of the returned string. Characters beyond this length will be stripped. :param integer_places: The number of places to which each integer will be expanded. (Default: 8)

## `nautobot.apps.models.naturalize_interface(value, max_length)`

Similar in nature to naturalize(), but takes into account a particular naming format adapted from the old InterfaceManager.

:param value: The value to be naturalized :param max_length: The maximum length of the returned string. Characters beyond this length will be stripped.

## `nautobot.apps.models.pretty_print_query(query)`

Given a `Q` object, display it in a more human-readable format.

Parameters:

Name | Type | Description | Default
--- | --- | --- | ---
`query` | `Q` | Query to display. | required

Returns:

Type | Description
--- | ---
`str` | Pretty-printed query logic

Example

> > > print(pretty_print_query(Q)) ( location__name='Campus-01' OR location__name='Campus-02' OR ( location__name='Room-01' AND status__name='Active' ) OR ( location__name='Building-01' AND ( NOT (location__name='Building-01' AND status__name='Decommissioning') ) ) )

## `nautobot.apps.models.serialize_object(obj, extra=None, exclude=None)`

Return a generic JSON representation of an object using Django's built-in serializer. (This is used for things like change logging, not the REST API.) Optionally include a dictionary to supplement the object data. A list of keys can be provided to exclude them from the returned dictionary. Private fields (prefaced with an underscore) are implicitly excluded.

## `nautobot.apps.models.serialize_object_v2(obj)`

Return a JSON serialized representation of an object using obj's serializer.

## `nautobot.apps.models.slugify_dashes_to_underscores(content)`

Custom slugify_function - use underscores instead of dashes; resulting slug can be used as a variable name, as well as a graphql safe string. Note: If content starts with a non graphql-safe character, e.g. a digit This method will prepend an "a" to content to make it graphql-safe e.g: 123 main st -> a123_main_st

## `nautobot.apps.models.slugify_dots_to_dashes(content)`

Custom slugify_function - convert '.' to '-' instead of removing dots outright.