randRangeExclude( -8, 8, [ -1, 0, 1, 2 ] ) randRangeExclude( -8, 8, [ -1, 0, 1, 2 ] ) REAL * REAL + IMAG * IMAG complexNumber( REAL, IMAG )

Determine the absolute value of the following complex number:

`REPRESENTATION`

ABS_SQUARE

The absolute value of any number is its distance from zero. As complex numbers can be visualized as points on the complex plane, absolute values of complex numbers can be determined using the distance formula.

graphInit({ range: [[-10, 10], [-10, 10]], scale: 20, tickStep: 1, labelStep: 1, }); label( [10, 0.5], "Re", "left" ); label( [0.5, 9], "Im", "right" ); circle( [REAL, IMAG], 3 / 20, { fill: KhanUtil.BLUE, stroke: "none" }); label( [REAL, IMAG], REPRESENTATION, "left", { color: KhanUtil.BLUE, labelDistance: 10 } );

`REPRESENTATION` is plotted as a blue circle above.

path([ [0,0], [REAL, IMAG]], { stroke: KhanUtil.ORANGE });

The absolute value we need is the length of the orange line segment.

path([ [0,0], [REAL, 0], [REAL, IMAG]], { stroke: KhanUtil.BLUE });

The orange line segment is the hypotenuse of a right triangle. Its two legs (shown in blue) have lengths `abs( REAL )` and `abs( IMAG )`, which corresponds to the absolute values of the real and imaginary parts of the complex number `REPRESENTATION`.

Substituting into the Pythagorean theorem:
`\qquad |REPRESENTATION|^2 = abs( REAL )^2 + abs( IMAG )^2`, so
`\qquad |REPRESENTATION| = \sqrt{abs( REAL )^2 + abs( IMAG )^2}`.

`\qquad \sqrt{abs(REAL)^2 + abs(IMAG)^2} = \sqrt{REAL * REAL + IMAG * IMAG} = \sqrt{ABS_SQUARE}`

Simplifying the radical gives `formattedSquareRootOf( ABS_SQUARE )`. That is the absolute value of `REPRESENTATION`.

The radical cannot be simplified. The absolute value of `REPRESENTATION` is `\sqrt{ABS_SQUARE}`.