Package pygeodesy :: Module dms |
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# Module dms

Parsers and formatters of angles in degrees, minutes and seconds or radians.

Functions to parse and format bearing, compass, lat- and longitudes in various forms of degrees, minutes and seconds with or without degrees, minute and second symbols plus a compass point suffix, including parsing of `decimal` and `sexagecimal` degrees.

Set env variable `PYGEODESY_FMT_FORM` to any `F_...` form to override default `F_DMS` formatting of lat- and longitudes or to an empty string to restore the default.

After (C) Chris Veness 2011-2015 published under the same MIT Licence**, see Latitude/Longitude and Vector-based geodesy.

Note: In Python 2-, S_DEG, S_MIN, S_SEC, S_RAD and S_SEP may be multi-byte, non-ascii characters and if so, not `unicode`.

Version: 23.12.03

Functions
bearingDMS(bearing, form=`'``d``'`, prec=None, sep='', **s_D_M_S) Convert bearing to a string (without compass point suffix). |
clipDegrees(deg, limit) Clip a lat- or longitude to the given range. |
clipRadians(rad, limit) Clip a lat- or longitude to the given range. |
compassDMS(bearing, form=`'``d``'`, prec=None, sep='', **s_D_M_S) Convert bearing to a string suffixed with compass point. |
compassPoint(bearing, prec=3) Convert bearing to a compass point. |
degDMS(deg, prec=6, s_D=`'``°``'`, s_M=`'``\xe2\x80\xb2``'`, s_S=`'``″``'`, neg='-', pos='') Convert degrees to a string in degrees, minutes or seconds. |
latDMS(deg, form=`'``dms``'`, prec=None, sep='', **s_D_M_S) Convert latitude to a string, optionally suffixed with N or S. |
latlonDMS(lls, **m_form_prec_sep_s_D_M_S) Convert one or more `LatLon` instances to strings. |
latlonDMS_(*lls, **m_form_prec_sep_s_D_M_S) Convert one or more `LatLon` instances to strings. |
lonDMS(deg, form=`'``dms``'`, prec=None, sep='', **s_D_M_S) Convert longitude to a string, optionally suffixed with E or W. |
normDMS(strDMS, norm=None, **s_D_M_S) Normalize all degrees, minutes and seconds (DMS) symbols in a string to the default symbols S_DEG, S_MIN, S_SEC. |
parseDDDMMSS(strDDDMMSS, suffix=`'``NSEW``'`, sep='', clip=0, sexagecimal=False) Parse a lat- or longitude represention forms as [D]DDMMSS in degrees. |
parseDMS(strDMS, suffix=`'``NSEW``'`, sep='', clip=0, **s_D_M_S) Parse a lat- or longitude representation in `degrees`. |
parseDMS2(strLat, strLon, sep='', clipLat=90, clipLon=180, wrap=False, **s_D_M_S) Parse a lat- and a longitude representions `"lat, lon"` in `degrees`. |
parse3llh(strllh, height=0, sep=',', clipLat=90, clipLon=180, wrap=False, **s_D_M_S) Parse a string `"lat, lon [, h]"` representing lat-, longitude in `degrees` and optional height in `meter`. |
parseRad(strRad, suffix=`'``NSEW``'`, clip=0) Parse a string representing angle in `radians`. |
precision(form, prec=None) Set the default precison for a given F_ form. |
toDMS(deg, form=`'``dms``'`, prec=2, sep='', ddd=2, neg='-', pos='+', **s_D_M_S) Convert signed `degrees` to string, without suffix. |

Variables
| __all__ = `_ALL_LAZY.dms`
| S_DEG = ``'``°``'`` Degrees symbol, default `"°"`
| S_MIN = ``'``\xe2\x80\xb2``'`` Minutes symbol, default `"′"` aka PRIME
| S_SEC = ``'``″``'`` Seconds symbol, default `"″"` aka DOUBLE_PRIME
| S_RAD = `''` Radians symbol, default `""` aka pygeodesy.NN
| S_DMS = `True` If `True` include, otherwise cancel all DMS symbols, default `True`.
| S_SEP = `''` Separator between `deg°|min′|sec″|suffix`, default `""` aka pygeodesy.NN
| F_D = ``'``d``'`` Format degrees as unsigned "deg°" with symbol, plus compass point suffix `N, S, E` or `W` (`str`).
| F_D60 = ``'``d60``'`` Format degrees as unsigned "[D]DD.MMSS" `sexagecimal` without symbols, plus suffix (`str`).
| F_D60_ = `'-d60'` Format degrees as signed "-/[D]DD.MMSS" `sexagecimal` without symbols, without suffix (`str`).
| F_D60__ = `'+d60'` Format degrees as signed "-/+[D]DD.MMSS" `sexagecimal` without symbols, without suffix (`str`).
| F_DEG = ``'``deg``'`` Format degrees as unsigned "[D]DD" without symbol, plus suffix (`str`).
| F_DEG_ = `'-deg'` Format degrees as signed "-/[D]DD" without symbol, without suffix (`str`).
| F_DEG__ = `'+deg'` Format degrees as signed "-/+[D]DD" without symbol, without suffix (`str`).
| F_DM = ``'``dm``'`` Format degrees as unsigned "deg°min′" with symbols, plus suffix (`str`).
| F_DMS = ``'``dms``'`` Format degrees as unsigned "deg°min′sec″" with symbols, plus suffix (`str`).
| F_DMS_ = `'-dms'` Format degrees as signed "-/deg°min′sec″" with symbols, without suffix (`str`).
| F_DMS__ = `'+dms'` Format degrees as signed "-/+deg°min′sec″" with symbols, without suffix (`str`).
| F_DM_ = `'-dm'` Format degrees as signed "-/deg°min′" with symbols, without suffix (`str`).
| F_DM__ = `'+dm'` Format degrees as signed "-/+deg°min′" with symbols, without suffix (`str`).
| F_D_ = `'-d'` Format degrees as signed "-/deg°" with symbol, without suffix (`str`).
| F_D__ = `'+d'` Format degrees as signed "-/+deg°" with symbol, without suffix (`str`).
| F_MIN = ``'``min``'`` Format degrees as unsigned "[D]DDMM" without symbols, plus suffix (`str`).
| F_MIN_ = `'-min'` Format degrees as signed "-/[D]DDMM" without symbols, without suffix (`str`).
| F_MIN__ = `'+min'` Format degrees as signed "-/+[D]DDMM" without symbols, without suffix (`str`).
| F_RAD = ``'``rad``'`` Convert degrees to radians and format as unsigned "RR" with symbol, plus suffix (`str`).
| F_RAD_ = `'-rad'` Convert degrees to radians and format as signed "-/RR" without symbol, without suffix (`str`).
| F_RAD__ = `'+rad'` Convert degrees to radians and format as signed "-/+RR" without symbol, without suffix (`str`).
| F_SEC = ``'``sec``'`` Format degrees as unsigned "[D]DDMMSS" without symbols, plus suffix (`str`).
| F_SEC_ = `'-sec'` Format degrees as signed "-/[D]DDMMSS" without symbols, without suffix (`str`).
| F_SEC__ = `'+sec'` Format degrees as signed "-/+[D]DDMMSS" without symbols, without suffix (`str`).
| F__E = ``'``e``'`` Format degrees as unsigned "%E" without symbols, plus suffix (`str`).
| F__E_ = `'-e'` Format degrees as signed "-/%E" without symbols, without suffix (`str`).
| F__E__ = `'+e'` Format degrees as signed "-/+%E" without symbols, without suffix (`str`).
| F__F = ``'``f``'`` Format degrees as unsigned "%F" without symbols, plus suffix (`str`).
| F__F_ = `'-f'` Format degrees as signed "-/%F" without symbols, without suffix (`str`).
| F__F__ = `'+f'` Format degrees as signed "-/+%F" without symbols, without suffix (`str`).
| F__G = ``'``g``'`` Format degrees as unsigned "%G" without symbols, plus suffix (`str`).
| F__G_ = `'-g'` Format degrees as signed "-/%G" without symbols, without suffix (`str`).
| F__G__ = `'+g'` Format degrees as signed "-/+%G" without symbols, without suffix (`str`).

Function Details

### bearingDMS (bearing, form=`'``d``'`, prec=None, sep='', **s_D_M_S) |
Convert bearing to a string (without compass point suffix). Arguments: `bearing` - Bearing from North (compass `degrees360`). `form` - Format specifier for `deg` (`str` or F_D, F_DM, F_DMS, F_DEG, F_MIN, F_SEC, F_D60, F__E, F__F, F__G, F_RAD, F_D_, F_DM_, F_DMS_, F_DEG_, F_MIN_, F_SEC_, F_D60_, F__E_, F__F_, F__G_, F_RAD_, F_D__, F_DM__, F_DMS__, F_DEG__, F_MIN__, F_SEC__, F_D60__, F__E__, F__F__, F__G__ or F_RAD__). `prec` - Number of decimal digits (0..9 or `None` for default). Trailing zero decimals are stripped for `prec` values of 1 and above, but kept for negative `prec`. `sep` - Separator between degrees, minutes, seconds, suffix (`str`). `s_D_M_S` - Optional keyword arguments `s_D=str`, `s_M=str`, `s_S=str` and `s_DMS=True` to override any or cancel all DMS symbols, defaults S_DEG, S_MIN respectively S_SEC. Returns: Compass degrees per the specified `form` (`str`). See Also: Function pygeodesy.toDMS.

### clipDegrees (deg, limit) |
Clip a lat- or longitude to the given range. Arguments: `deg` - Unclipped lat- or longitude (`scalar degrees`). `limit` - Valid `-/+limit` range (`degrees`). Returns: Clipped value (`degrees`). Raises: `RangeError` - If `deg` outside the valid `-/+limit` range and pygeodesy.rangerrors set to `True`.

### clipRadians (rad, limit) |
Clip a lat- or longitude to the given range. Arguments: `rad` - Unclipped lat- or longitude (`radians`). `limit` - Valid `-/+limit` range (`radians`). Returns: Clipped value (`radians`). Raises: `RangeError` - If `rad` outside the valid `-/+limit` range and pygeodesy.rangerrors set to `True`.

### compassDMS (bearing, form=`'``d``'`, prec=None, sep='', **s_D_M_S) |
Convert bearing to a string suffixed with compass point. Arguments: `bearing` - Bearing from North (compass `degrees360`). `form` - Format specifier for `deg` (`str` or F_D, F_DM, F_DMS, F_DEG, F_MIN, F_SEC, F_D60, F__E, F__F, F__G, F_RAD, F_D_, F_DM_, F_DMS_, F_DEG_, F_MIN_, F_SEC_, F_D60_, F__E_, F__F_, F__G_, F_RAD_, F_D__, F_DM__, F_DMS__, F_DEG__, F_MIN__, F_SEC__, F_D60__, F__E__, F__F__, F__G__ or F_RAD__). `prec` - Number of decimal digits (0..9 or `None` for default). Trailing zero decimals are stripped for `prec` values of 1 and above, but kept for negative `prec`. `sep` - Separator between degrees, minutes, seconds, suffix (`str`). `s_D_M_S` - Optional keyword arguments `s_D=str`, `s_M=str` `s_S=str` and `s_DMS=True` to override any or cancel all DMS symbols, defaults S_DEG, S_MIN respectively S_SEC. Returns: Compass degrees and point in the specified form (`str`). See Also: Function pygeodesy.toDMS.

### compassPoint (bearing, prec=3) |
Convert bearing to a compass point. Arguments: `bearing` - Bearing from North (compass `degrees360`). `prec` - Precision, number of compass point characters: 1 for cardinal or basic winds, 2 for intercardinal or ordinal or principal winds, 3 for secondary-intercardinal or half-winds or 4 for quarter-winds). Returns: Compass point (1-, 2-, 3- or 4-letter `str`). Raises: `ValueError` - Invalid `prec`. See Also: Dms.compassPoint and Compass rose. Example:
    >>> p = compassPoint(24, 1)  # 'N'
    >>> p = compassPoint(24, 2)  # 'NE'
    >>> p = compassPoint(24, 3)  # 'NNE'
    >>> p = compassPoint(24)     # 'NNE'
    >>> p = compassPoint(11, 4)  # 'NbE'
    >>> p = compassPoint(30, 4)  # 'NEbN'
    >>> p = compassPoint(11.249)  # 'N'
    >>> p = compassPoint(11.25)   # 'NNE'
    >>> p = compassPoint(-11.25)  # 'N'
    >>> p = compassPoint(348.749) # 'NNW'

### degDMS (deg, prec=6, s_D=`'``°``'`, s_M=`'``\xe2\x80\xb2``'`, s_S=`'``″``'`, neg='-', pos='') |
Convert degrees to a string in degrees, minutes or seconds. Arguments: `deg` - Value in degrees (`scalar degrees`). `prec` - Number of decimal digits (0..9 or `None` for default). Trailing zero decimals are stripped for `prec` values of 1 and above, but kept for negative `prec`. `s_D` - D symbol for degrees (`str`). `s_M` - M symbol for minutes (`str`) or `""`. `s_S` - S symbol for seconds (`str`) or `""`. `neg` - Optional sign for negative (`'-'`). `pos` - Optional sign for positive (`''`). Returns: Either degrees, minutes or seconds (`str`). See Also: Function pygeodesy.toDMS.

### latDMS (deg, form=`'``dms``'`, prec=None, sep='', **s_D_M_S) |
Convert latitude to a string, optionally suffixed with N or S. Arguments: `deg` - Latitude to be formatted (`scalar degrees`). `form` - Format specifier for `deg` (`str` or F_D, F_DM, F_DMS, F_DEG, F_MIN, F_SEC, F_D60, F__E, F__F, F__G, F_RAD, F_D_, F_DM_, F_DMS_, F_DEG_, F_MIN_, F_SEC_, F_D60_, F__E_, F__F_, F__G_, F_RAD_, F_D__, F_DM__, F_DMS__, F_DEG__, F_MIN__, F_SEC__, F_D60__, F__E__, F__F__, F__G__ or F_RAD__). `prec` - Number of decimal digits (0..9 or `None` for default). Trailing zero decimals are stripped for `prec` values of 1 and above, but kept for negative `prec`. `sep` - Separator between degrees, minutes, seconds, suffix (`str`). `s_D_M_S` - Optional keyword arguments `s_D=str`, `s_M=str` `s_S=str` and `s_DMS=True` to override any or cancel all DMS symbols, defaults S_DEG, S_MIN respectively S_SEC. Returns: Degrees in the specified form (`str`). See Also: Functions pygeodesy.toDMS and pygeodesy.lonDMS.

### latlonDMS (lls, **m_form_prec_sep_s_D_M_S) |
Convert one or more `LatLon` instances to strings. Arguments: `lls` - Single or list, sequence, tuple, etc. (`LatLon`s). `m_form_prec_sep_s_D_M_S` - Optional `meter`, `format`, `precision`, DEPRECATED `sep`, `s_D`, `s_M`, `s_S` and `s_DMS` keyword arguments, see method `LatLon.toStr` and functions pygeodesy.latDMS and pygeodesy.lonDMS. Returns: A `tuple` of `str`s if `lls` is a list, sequence, tuple, etc. of `LatLon` instances or a single `str` if `lls` is a single `LatLon`. See Also: Functions pygeodesy.latDMS, pygeodesy.latlonDMS_, pygeodesy.lonDMS and pygeodesy.toDMS and method `LatLon.toStr`. Note: Keyword argument `sep=None` to return a `str`ing instead of the `tuple`, has been DEPRECATED, use `sep.join(latlonDMS_(...))`.

### latlonDMS_ (*lls, **m_form_prec_sep_s_D_M_S) |
Convert one or more `LatLon` instances to strings. Arguments: `lls` - The instances, all positional arguments (`LatLon`s). `m_form_prec_sep_s_D_M_S` - Optional `meter`, `format`, `precision`, DEPRECATED `sep`, `s_D`, `s_M`, `s_S` and `s_DMS` keyword arguments, see method `LatLon.toStr` and functions pygeodesy.latDMS and pygeodesy.lonDMS. Returns: A `tuple` of `str`s if 2 or more `LatLon` instances or a single `str` if only a single `LatLon` instance is given in `lls`. See Also: Function pygeodesy.latlonDMS. Note: Keyword argument `sep=None` to return a `str`ing instead of the `tuple`, has been DEPRECATED, use `sep.join(latlonDMS_(...))`.

### lonDMS (deg, form=`'``dms``'`, prec=None, sep='', **s_D_M_S) |
Convert longitude to a string, optionally suffixed with E or W. Arguments: `deg` - Longitude to be formatted (`scalar degrees`). `form` - Format specifier for `deg` (`str` or F_D, F_DM, F_DMS, F_DEG, F_MIN, F_SEC, F_D60, F__E, F__F, F__G, F_RAD, F_D_, F_DM_, F_DMS_, F_DEG_, F_MIN_, F_SEC_, F_D60_, F__E_, F__F_, F__G_, F_RAD_, F_D__, F_DM__, F_DMS__, F_DEG__, F_MIN__, F_SEC__, F_D60__, F__E__, F__F__, F__G__ or F_RAD__). `prec` - Number of decimal digits (0..9 or `None` for default). Trailing zero decimals are stripped for `prec` values of 1 and above, but kept for negative `prec`. `sep` - Separator between degrees, minutes, seconds, suffix (`str`). `s_D_M_S` - Optional keyword arguments `s_D=str`, `s_M=str` `s_S=str` and `s_DMS=True` to override any or cancel all DMS symbols, defaults S_DEG, S_MIN respectively S_SEC. Returns: Degrees in the specified form (`str`). See Also: Functions pygeodesy.toDMS and pygeodesy.latDMS.

### normDMS (strDMS, norm=None, **s_D_M_S) |
Normalize all degrees, minutes and seconds (DMS) symbols in a string to the default symbols S_DEG, S_MIN, S_SEC. Arguments: `strDMS` - Original DMS string (`str`). `norm` - Optional replacement symbol (`str`) or `None` for the default DMS symbols). Use `norm=""` to remove all DMS symbols. `s_D_M_S` - Optional, alternate DMS symbols `s_D=str`, `s_M=str`, `s_S=str` and/or `s_R=str` for radians, each to be replaced by `norm`. Returns: Normalized DMS (`str`).

### parseDDDMMSS (strDDDMMSS, suffix=`'``NSEW``'`, sep='', clip=0, sexagecimal=False) |
Parse a lat- or longitude represention forms as [D]DDMMSS in degrees. Arguments: `strDDDMMSS` - Degrees in any of several forms (`str`) and types (`float`, `int`, other). `suffix` - Optional, valid compass points (`str`, `tuple`). `sep` - Optional separator between "[D]DD", "MM", "SS", `suffix` (S_SEP). `clip` - Optionally, limit value to range `-/+clip` (`degrees`). `sexagecimal` - If `True`, convert `"D.MMSS"` or `float(D.MMSS)` to `base-60` "MM" and "SS" digits. See `form`s F_D60, F_D60_ and F_D60__. Returns: Degrees (`float`). Raises: `ParseError` - Invalid `strDDDMMSS` or `clip` or the form of `strDDDMMSS` is incompatible with the suffixed or `suffix` compass point. `RangeError` - Value of `strDDDMMSS` outside the valid `-/+clip` range and pygeodesy.rangerrors set to `True`. Notes: Type `str` values "[D]DD", "[D]DDMM", "[D]DDMMSS" and "[D]DD.MMSS" for `strDDDMMSS` are parsed properly only if either unsigned and suffixed with a valid, compatible, `cardinal` compassPoint or signed or unsigned, unsuffixed and with keyword argument `suffix`="NS", `suffix`="EW" or a compatible compassPoint. Unlike function parseDMS, type `float`, `int` and other non-`str` `strDDDMMSS` values are interpreted as `form` [D]DDMMSS or [D]DD.MMSS. For example, `int(1230)` is returned as 12.5 and not 1230.0 degrees. However, `int(345)` is considered `form` "DDD" 345 and not "DDMM" 0345, unless `suffix` specifies the compass point. Also, `float(15.0523)` is returned as 15.0523 decimal degrees and not 15°5′23″ sexagecimal. To consider the latter, use `float(15.0523)` or `"15.0523"` and specify the keyword argument `sexagecimal=True`. See Also: Functions pygeodesy.parseDMS, pygeodesy.parseDMS2 and pygeodesy.parse3llh.

### parseDMS (strDMS, suffix=`'``NSEW``'`, sep='', clip=0, **s_D_M_S) |
Parse a lat- or longitude representation in `degrees`. This is very flexible on formats, allowing signed decimal degrees, degrees and minutes or degrees minutes and seconds optionally suffixed by a cardinal compass point. A variety of symbols, separators and suffixes are accepted, for example "3°37′09″W". Minutes and seconds may be omitted. Arguments: `strDMS` - Degrees in any of several forms (`str`) and types (`float`, `int`, other). `suffix` - Optional, valid compass points (`str`, `tuple`). `sep` - Optional separator between deg°, min′, sec″, `suffix` (`''`). `clip` - Optionally, limit value to range `-/+clip` (`degrees`). `s_D_M_S` - Optional, alternate symbol for degrees `s_D=str`, minutes `s_M=str` and/or seconds `s_S=str`. Returns: Degrees (`float`). Raises: `ParseError` - Invalid `strDMS` or `clip`. `RangeError` - Value of `strDMS` outside the valid `-/+clip` range and pygeodesy.rangerrors set to `True`. Note: Unlike function parseDDDMMSS, type `float`, `int` and other non-`str` `strDMS` values are considered decimal (and not sexagecimal) degrees. For example, `int(1230)` is returned as 1230.0 and not as 12.5 degrees and `float(345)` as 345.0 and not as 3.75 degrees! See Also: Functions pygeodesy.parseDDDMMSS, pygeodesy.parseDMS2, pygeodesy.parse3llh and pygeodesy.toDMS.

### parseDMS2 (strLat, strLon, sep='', clipLat=90, clipLon=180, wrap=False, **s_D_M_S) |
Parse a lat- and a longitude representions `"lat, lon"` in `degrees`. Arguments: `strLat` - Latitude in any of several forms (`str` or `degrees`). `strLon` - Longitude in any of several forms (`str` or `degrees`). `sep` - Optional separator between deg°, min′, sec″, suffix (`''`). `clipLat` - Limit latitude to range `-/+clipLat` (`degrees`). `clipLon` - Limit longitude to range `-/+clipLon` (`degrees`). `wrap` - If `True`, wrap or normalize the lat- and longitude, overriding `clipLat` and `clipLon` (`bool`). `s_D_M_S` - Optional, alternate symbol for degrees `s_D=str`, minutes `s_M=str` and/or seconds `s_S=str`. Returns: A LatLon2Tuple`(lat, lon)` in `degrees`. Raises: `ParseError` - Invalid `strLat` or `strLon`. `RangeError` - Value of `strLat` or `strLon` outside the valid `-/+clipLat` or `-/+clipLon` range and pygeodesy.rangerrors set to `True`. Note: See the Notes at function parseDMS. See Also: Functions pygeodesy.parseDDDMMSS, pygeodesy.parseDMS, pygeodesy.parse3llh and pygeodesy.toDMS.

### parse3llh (strllh, height=0, sep=',', clipLat=90, clipLon=180, wrap=False, **s_D_M_S) |
Parse a string `"lat, lon [, h]"` representing lat-, longitude in `degrees` and optional height in `meter`. The lat- and longitude value must be separated by a separator character. If height is present it must follow, separated by another separator. The lat- and longitude values may be swapped, provided at least one ends with the proper compass point. Arguments: `strllh` - Latitude, longitude[, height] (`str`, ...). `height` - Optional, default height (`meter`) or `None`. `sep` - Optional separator between `"lat lon [h] suffix"` (`str`). `clipLat` - Limit latitude to range `-/+clipLat` (`degrees`). `clipLon` - Limit longitude to range `-/+clipLon` (`degrees`). `wrap` - If `True`, wrap or normalize the lat- and longitude, overriding `clipLat` and `clipLon` (`bool`). `s_D_M_S` - Optional, alternate symbol for degrees `s_D=str`, minutes `s_M=str` and/or seconds `s_S=str`. Returns: A LatLon3Tuple`(lat, lon, height)` in `degrees`, `degrees` and `float`. Raises: `RangeError` - Lat- or longitude value of `strllh` outside the valid `-/+clipLat` or `-/+clipLon` range and pygeodesy.rangerrors set to `True`. `ValueError` - Invalid `strllh` or `height`. Note: See the Notes at function parseDMS. See Also: Functions pygeodesy.parseDDDMMSS, pygeodesy.parseDMS, pygeodesy.parseDMS2 and pygeodesy.toDMS.

### parseRad (strRad, suffix=`'``NSEW``'`, clip=0) |
Parse a string representing angle in `radians`. Arguments: `strRad` - Degrees in any of several forms (`str` or `radians`). `suffix` - Optional, valid compass points (`str`, `tuple`). `clip` - Optionally, limit value to range `-/+clip` (`radians`). Returns: Radians (`float`). Raises: `ParseError` - Invalid `strRad` or `clip`. `RangeError` - Value of `strRad` outside the valid `-/+clip` range and pygeodesy.rangerrors set to `True`.

### precision (form, prec=None) |
Set the default precison for a given F_ form. Arguments: `form` - F_D, F_DM, F_DMS, F_DEG, F_MIN, F_SEC, F_D60, F__E, F__F, F__G or F_RAD (`str`). `prec` - Number of decimal digits (0..9 or `None` for default). Trailing zero decimals are stripped for `prec` values of 1 and above, but kept for negative `prec`. Returns: Previous precision for the `form` (`int`). Raises: `ValueError` - Invalid `form` or `prec` or `prec` outside the valid range `-/+9`.

### toDMS (deg, form=`'``dms``'`, prec=2, sep='', ddd=2, neg='-', pos='+', **s_D_M_S) |
Convert signed `degrees` to string, without suffix. Arguments: `deg` - Degrees to be formatted (`scalar degrees`). `form` - Format specifier for `deg` (`str` or F_D, F_DM, F_DMS, F_DEG, F_MIN, F_SEC, F_D60, F__E, F__F, F__G, F_RAD, F_D_, F_DM_, F_DMS_, F_DEG_, F_MIN_, F_SEC_, F_D60_, F__E_, F__F_, F__G_, F_RAD_, F_D__, F_DM__, F_DMS__, F_DEG__, F_MIN__, F_SEC__, F_D60__, F__E__, F__F__, F__G__ or F_RAD__). `prec` - Number of decimal digits (0..9 or `None` for default). Trailing zero decimals are stripped for `prec` values of 1 and above, but kept for negative `prec`. `sep` - Separator between degrees, minutes, seconds, suffix (`str`). `ddd` - Number of digits for `deg`° (2 or 3). `neg` - Prefix for negative `deg` (`'-'`). `pos` - Prefix for positive `deg` and signed `form` (`'+'`). `s_D_M_S` - Optional keyword arguments `s_D=str`, `s_M=str` `s_S=str` and `s_DMS=True` to override any or cancel all DMS symbols, defaults S_DEG, S_MIN respectively S_SEC. See Notes below. Returns: Degrees in the specified form (`str`). Notes: The degrees, minutes and seconds (DMS) symbol can be overridden in this and other `*DMS` functions by using optional keyword argments `s_D="d"`, `s_M="'"` respectively `s_S='"'`. Using keyword argument `s_DMS`=None cancels all `DMS` symbols to `S_NUL=NN`. Sexagecimal format `F_D60` supports overridable pseudo-DMS symbols positioned at `"[D]DD<s_D>MM<s_M>SS<s_S>"` with defaults `s_D="."`, `s_M=sep` and `s_S=`pygeodesy.NN. Formats `F__E`, `F__F` and `F__G` can be extended with a `D`-only symbol if defined with keyword argument `s_D=str`. Likewise for `F_RAD` formats with keyword argument `s_R=str`. See Also: Function pygeodesy.degDMS