### Overall Winner

Django-Bolt
5 out of 7 scenarios

### Best Performance

5.67x
Django-Bolt JSON Serialization

### Iterations Tested

100,000
Per scenario (10,000 for errors)

### Scenarios Tested

7
Covering all use cases

## Operations Per Second Comparison

## Relative Performance (Higher is Better)

## Detailed Results

Scenario | Django-Bolt (ops/sec) | Pydantic v2 (ops/sec) | Winner | Speedup
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Dict → Object (No Validators) | 1,542,436 | 1,322,541 | Django-Bolt | 1.17x faster
JSON → Object (No Validators) | 1,659,432 | 1,043,189 | Django-Bolt | 1.59x faster
Object → Dict Serialization | 4,611,895 | 1,246,177 | Django-Bolt | 3.70x faster
Object → JSON Serialization | 6,678,476 | 1,177,411 | Django-Bolt | 5.67x faster
Dict → Object (With Validators) | 873,918 | 1,089,603 | Pydantic v2 | 1.25x slower
JSON → Object (With Validators) | 852,625 | 910,603 | Pydantic v2 | 1.07x slower
Validation Error Detection | 1,557,492 | 1,025,908 | Django-Bolt | 1.52x faster

## Key Findings

- Serialization Dominance: Django-Bolt excels at serialization tasks (Object → Dict/JSON), with up to 5.67x performance advantage
- JSON Processing: Django-Bolt is significantly faster at JSON operations, making it ideal for high-throughput API responses
- Custom Validators Trade-off: Pydantic v2 has a slight edge when custom field validators are involved (1.07-1.25x faster)
- Error Detection: Django-Bolt validates errors 1.52x faster, important for input validation scenarios
- Best Use Cases: Django-Bolt shines in API response serialization, Pydantic v2 in complex input validation with custom logic

## Benchmark Methodology Notes

Current Issues:

- No warmup runs before timing (can include JIT/cache cold start overhead)
- Single run per test (no variance/standard deviation reporting)
- No statistical confidence intervals
- GC not disabled during benchmarks
- No CPU frequency scaling controls

Recommendation: Results are indicative but should include warmup, multiple runs, and statistical analysis for publication-grade benchmarks.

## Summary & Recommendations

Django-Bolt (msgspec) is optimized for:

- High-throughput API response serialization
- JSON encoding/decoding operations
- Scenarios without complex custom field validators
- Performance-critical API endpoints (60k+ RPS)

Pydantic v2 excels at:

- Complex input validation with custom field validators
- Scenarios requiring extensive data transformation logic
- Applications prioritizing validation features over raw speed